Town Planning of Ancient Romans

I trust that a lot of valuable lessons can be taken from the history and fates of ancient cities. Early cities encountered problems that resemble those of today’s contemporary urban settings. Such complications included health difficulties, social chaos, warfare, sanitation, and unpredictable climate. Like today, there was tension within these ancient cities concerning social status, the uneven distribution of wealth, resources, and rations of food among the elite and the commoners created internal stress. Some of these problems eventually caused the demise of such early cities; thereby, allowing today’s society’s to put into perspective the seriousness of said problems. With such detailed information regarding the history of these cities we

•    Discuss the changes and continuities that occurred in the roles and functions of cities in major societies from the Neolithic Revolution to 1450.

* Urban Planners- Mapped out plans for where buildings and companies would be constructed based on what was around them to complement each other.

1. What is made possible by the agglomeration of people, services, and goods in a city that is not possible, or far more difficult, in rural areas?

The main pipes connected to other pipes throughout the city and distributed water to places like public fountains, baths, pools, and private homes.

The city experienced a high influx of people and a speedy development. The once urban settlement soon became a beautiful town. People bought and built houses. Shopping malls were erected. Due to the large population, various social amenities were also in place.

Many centuries before the birth of Christ, the city of Rome grew, prospered, and developed into a thriving Republic. As in most cultures, Rome's buildings became more elaborate and impressive. They developed fantastic building technologies and ideas. The feats of Roman engineers were groundbreaking, and many structures built by this culture still stand today. With knowledge borrowed from the Greeks, Rome made impressive architectural achievements, these were namely major attributes of buildings, colossal structures, and a legacy that would influence later buildings (Cornell and Matthews 11).

For many centuries, a lot and most of the Europeans had lived in the rural areas. In the year of 1800, later it time the balance were shifted toward the cities. The shift of the cities was caused by the increase and growth of the factory system, where the manufactured of the goods was concentrated in the location of the central area.

Since the industrial revolution, humans began to cultivate more land and use it for agriculture, economical needs, and living space. The main goal for building a city was to localize a population to have relations and

The sloping orientation of the landscape maximises public space whilst having a relatively small footprint. Some roofing areas of the building

2. Explain your understanding of the role of planning and zoning. (limit to 500 words or less)

The process in which a Roman city is very well thought out and developed. The short passage, “Building a Roman City”, written by David Macaulay, explains the way the Romans lived in the early years of manhood.

Throughout history, the evolution of communities and societies has been influenced by the local and global economy. Large cities emerged from vibrant business activity and flow of products and services. For the most part

Towards the city’s heavily trafficked center the Roman Forum was constructed for convenient easy access of all the citizens. The foreground of the forum was occupied by a paved square with monuments to famous citizens. The temple to the Divine Julius, dedicated in 29 BCE to the deified Caesar, built in a Hellenistic style, is located in the background on the left; to the right is the temple of Vesta and the house of the Vestal Virgins, guardians of the everlasting flame; further to the right is the temple of the Dioscuri, Castor and Pollux dedicated in 6 CE Here the office of weights and measures was situated. The podiums of the temples of Caesar and the Dioscuri were often used as orators' platforms and it is in this part of the Forum that the meetings of the comitia took place. On the far right is the Basilica Julia built by Caesar. Its long façade occupies the entire south side of the Forum. (Owens, 154) Semi-circular in plan and having consisted of a tall stage building, theaters were a semi-circular orchestra and tiered seating area. Unlike Greek theatres, which were built on natural slopes, they were supported by their own framework of piers and vaults and so could be built anywhere and not where nature dictated. Amphitheatres (literally, ‘double theatres’) were elliptical in plan; with a central areana. (Bowra, 38)

The Urban Revolution, written by V. Gordon Childe, is an intricate article that attempts to figure out when, where, and why the phenomenon of cities began. The article also gives a slight description of what a creates a city, mostly from a historical setting. “Throughout the Pleistocene period, all known human societies were savage in the foregoing sense, and a few savage tribes have survived out of the way parts to the present day.”(Childe 1950). Before the development of cities, the domination of farm lands existed. The largest villages in prehistoric Europe, comprised of about “...52 small one-roomed dwellings, but 16 to 30 houses was a more normal figure.” (Childe 1950). Something I find interesting in the article is that due to the small demographic, everyone in the prehistoric cities or villages had to contribute to the hunting. This was because the social surplus was not big enough to feed idle mouths. Childe went on to say that a city has a hierarchy. He stated that a city makes investments in the sciences and written system. One thing that stood out to me is when