Toxocariasis Research Paper

Animal or zoophilic infections are usually periodic and restricted to the areas where the host animal is found. Microsporum canis, the cat and dog ringworm, is the commonest of the zoophilic infections worldwide and spread occurs directly from an infected animal and, probably, from contaminated furniture, floors and carpets in the home environment. I contrast, Anthropophilic dermatophytes are more common in the community. In some cases there is evidence to support the existence of localized epidemics of

The organism adheres to the epithelial cells in its host by pilli. This opportunistic pathogen can affect people of all ages and specifically targets patients that have immune deficiencies, debilitating diseases, and infants in the NICU. Patients are at greater risk of contracting the organism if they have recently had a surgery, mechanical ventilation, central venous catheter, arterial catheterization, inhalation medication therapy, tracheal tubes, or have low apgar scores. It can cause a variety of diseases and infections such as urinary tract infections, meningitis, pneumonia, respiratory tract infections, keratoconjunctivitis, osteomyelitis, keratitis, endocarditis, cutaneous infections, and endophthalmitis. (Currey,

Heartworm disease can be fatal to your furry friend if it is left untreated. Foot-long worms are found living in the heart, lungs, and associated blood vessels. These worms can cause severe damage in organs as well as cause lung disease and heart failure. This disease has been found to affect dogs, cats, ferrets, wolves, coyotes, foxes, and sea lions. Which the information I learned from my research, I will be discussing the history of heartworm, what causes it, the symptoms and clinical signs, how to diagnose it, the treatment need, as well as preventing it.

Heartworms: These pet parasites have the potential to be fatal if the problem isn’t identified early on. During your visit, the vet can also give you a prescription for heartworm protection medication.

Prognosis is good with treatment in animals that are not extremely debilitated. Young children living with puppies or kittens may be susceptible to visceral larva migrans (VLM) and ocular larva migrans (OLM) (Bassert and Thomas 452-453). The child ingests the second stage larvae (infective) which migrates through the lung or liver (VLM) or the eye (OLM) (Bassert and Thomas 453). Parents need to be cautious of places where children can ingest the infective eggs, such as playgrounds with dog or cat feces and uncovered sandboxes (Bassert and Thomas

Smallpox is a highly human contagious disease caused by the virus Variola. Variola’s Latin meaning is spotted. Smallpox is thought to have begun its infectious mission in Egypt around 3,000 years ago. The earliest evidence for the illness is from the Egyptian Pharaoh Ramses V, who died in 1157 B.C. His mummified remains show evidence of spots and scars on his body thought to be evidence of Smallpox.

pestis infections (Gage, et. al., 2000). During 1924–2006, a total of 13 human cases of primary pneumonic plague were documented in the United States, and greater than five were associated with cats (felids). Twelve cases of plague transmission from nondomestic carnivores to humans have been documented, including a fatal case of human pneumonic plague in 2007 that resulted from direct contact with an infected puma (Puma concolor). The lesions of the orally infected cats were consistent with those previously described for naturally occurring Y. pestis infections in cats and corroborate the contention that cats most commonly contract plague by eating Y. pestis-infected rodents and not via flea bite. The histopathology of Y. pestis disease in these cats is comparable to that described for human plague (Eisen, et. a, 2008). Although there are historic suggestions of cats being susceptible to plague, it was not until the latter part of the 1900s that plague was recognized as a significant disease. It was then recognized that infected cats could serve as a threat to human health. Cats are considered rare among carnivores in that they are unusually susceptible to disease after Y. pestis exposure. In 1999, a total of 42 plague cases in cats (Felis cattus) were confirmed from the three states where plague is most common: California (7), Colorado (9), and New Mexico (26) (Watson, et. al, 2001). Despite the known association of felids with human plague, the prevalence of Y. pestis infection in non-domestic cats remains relatively

When traveling to and from exotic locations, vacationers are warned about drinking untreated water, swimming in freshwater lakes and streams, and against eating certain foods. The risks for contracting a parasitic disease while abroad are pretty well defined and as a traveler you are made aware. Less known are the risks here at home. It is a fact however that parasitic diseases in the US are on the rise. According to Dr. Oz “approximately 1 in 3 Americans is infected with an intestinal parasite at any given time.” Specific statistic are not available because most Americans who are infected may be unaware. Often the symptoms of neglected parasitic infections are troublesome, however, vague. Therefore treatment is not immediately sought and even

I received a call from the ambulatory care clinic on 7/20/2015 with a report that two children who came to the medical clinic covered in mosquito bites. The concern is for possible child neglect. The girls are in MD visiting their father for the summer and will return to live with their mother in MS at the end of July. The bites were present when they arrived from MS for visitation with their father here in MD. I consulted with the children’s father on 7/21/2015, he reported that he believed that the "girls got flea bitten at their mom's house." Both girls were assessed at the Kimbrough Ambulatory Care Clinic in Fort Meade, MD by Dr. Basu on 25 Jun 2015. The Dr. Noted "Scars from Flea Bites on both arms and legs." The Dr. Discussed treatment

Exotic animals are likely to spread diseases and illnesses to their owners that come from wildlife. These diseases are known as zoonosis, and some types are as follows: monkeypox, in which there was a large outbreak in the midwest in 2003 from prairie dogs, salmonella was passed on by small sea turtles which are now banned, and psittacosis can also be transmitted to humans through animals (Adams). Even though some of these diseases such as salmonella can be contracted elsewhere, without the influence of exotic animals, the sea turtle population can still have an impact humans affected. On the contrary, monkeypox and psittacosis originated solely from exotic animals and the viruses are not created among humans. Monkeypox was contracted from monkeys as psittacosis was contracted from parrots, both exotic animals that may carry the disease if they are domesticated. Hedgehogs are also big offenders of carrying illnesses such as the hand-foot-mouth virus (“Don’t Keep Hedgehogs”). Even though there are many other ways of catching this virus, such as not wearing flip flops on a pool deck or touching hands with someone that was already infected, since hedgehogs contract the virus too, it could be dangerous to be around these animals or own them because the virus could spread to others like a wildfire. Owners can also be injured by their exotic animals, as they are never really tamed. Another one of

Humans can get a roundworm infestation from dogs. Children will get infected more often than adults.

Although doxycycline is one of the most useful drugs for brucellosis treatment, gastrointestinal adverse effects such as nausea and vomiting cause intolerance. Management of these symptoms is possible medically, and with various impact degrees such as prokinetic (metoclopramide) and 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (ondansetron) (23).

Diseases linked to the central nervous system, along with the eyes and the ears are more common in these children (3). They are more likely to suffer from slower neurological developments and personality disorders (3). This can be linked to the mother’s immune system and how well she can ward off infection (2) as well as genetics. Since the parasite also affects the mother’s personality by invading her brain, it can do the same to the child. Toxoplasma gondii can enter the fetus through the amniotic sac and begin its infection from conception, leading to severe problems later in life (1). If this parasite can change the way a person thinks about him or herself, it can also change other brain developments. If these changes occur when a person is young and still developing, it can have extreme effects on him or

Another disease of decaying material is Blastomysosis. This is a canine fungal infection caused by the organism Blastomyses dermatitidis. This fungus has spores, which can be found in decaying wood and in wet, dark, wooded areas located near water sources. In dry, windy conditions, or when the area is disturbed, the spores become air-borne. Infection occurs first in the lungs when the animal inhales contaminated soil spores, then migrates to the eyes, bones, tissues, brain, and testes. Canine companions on walks with their owners on wooded, river banks are susceptible of contracting this disease. Animals who contract this disease have symptoms of fever, lethargy, appetite decrease, and weight loss. Diagnostic x-rays of the thoracic region should be taken and urine, blood, bronchial aspirates, cerebrospinal fluid, and drainage of skin lesions should have their cells analyzed. Antifungal agents are used in treatment, such as Itraconazole. Antifungal Fluconazole is used when the disease has infected the central nervous system. Voriconazole is good antifungal to use for ocular infections. When the antifungal drugs begin to work, the dangerous period for the canine is in the first 24 to 72 hours when the

This infection (toxoplasmosis) comes from getting into contact with infected feces of cats. HO-Yen and AWL explained that toxoplasmosis can cause damage to the baby’s brain and certain organs (eye), miscarriage and even still birth. Perhaps few babies born with toxoplasmosis may have brain damage and blindness. However, one can get toxoplasmosis if he or she swallows anything infected or contaminated by the parasite. Symptoms includes,