Toyota Motors Company Case Analysis

Sociologists have theorized culture and its role in the society in various ways. Some conceive culture as a worldview, where culture structurally orients individual actions and the ways in which they make sense of the social worlds. Others have theorized culture based on language and how it contributes to cultural processes of giving meanings to arbitrary signs to allow individuals to make sense of the world they live it. Still others approach culture as a practical toolkit, a cache of ideas, or repertoire, from which individuals draw in their day to day life. Several other conceptions of culture (i.e., culture as values, symbolic boundaries, or capital) are also available. This paper aims to investigate the three main conceptions

“Among the elements of social and cultural structure, two are important for our purposes. These are analytically separable although they merge imperceptibly in concrete situations. The first consists of culturally defined goals, purposes, and interests … The second phase of the social structure defines, regulates, and controls the acceptable modes of achieving these goals." (Merton 672,673)

Toyota initially establish in Japan by Sakichi Toyoda. However in 1933 Toyoda company enhance into many field and one of them is automobile industry where it was named as Toyota (Toyotauk, 2013). Today, Toyota able to cross many boundaries and develop their business from plain filed to massive production firms. Toyota currently the global number 1 position after beating General Motors and Volkswagen Group on vehicle sales for 2013 (Gibbs, 2014). According to Gibbs (2014) Japanese firm recorded $9.98 million of sales in 2013. Whereas they have estimated to hit the $10 million mark in 2014. The company operates with approximately 339000 employees in 2014 (The Statistics Portal, 2014). Toyota Motors well known for their innovative

Economic systems deal with beliefs & activities that administer products or services for consumers of a population. There are three unequivocal economic systems capitalist, socialism and mixed economy (Cullen, Parboteeach, 2014, p.92).

Culture delivers the strategies for people’s interpretations of situations they come across and for the responses, they consider applicable. Social Structure, “the organized patterns of behavior among the basic components of a social system— establishes relatively predictable social relationships among the different peoples in a society” (Parrillo,2014). For example, the orientation between a minority group with the dominate group always has a set guideline how the other group should act or fit in with the dominate group. From the dominate group being so uptight and selfish of life, thinking everyone that is not made of their similar blood of ethnic group has to act a certain way in order to acquire a suitable life.

The second model of culture normally accept that there are a few more central clashes in the social request levels yet at the same time sees the social framework to be still incorporated generally. In this second model, the clashing social groupings and capacities can as a rule create hostile subcultures and not just corresponding tasteful alluded to as particulars and this model is called social refraction (Wagner, 2011).

Culture, according to Hofstede (1982), is a “collective programming of the mind which distinguish the members of one category from another”. The term “category of people” can be a nation, a region, a work organization, or even a family.

Toyota Motor Corporation (TOYOTA) is one of biggest automaker in the world. Main products are a passenger car, truck, bus, RV etc. The company headquartered in Toyota, Aichi, Japan which employed 300,734 people worldwide and was the third largest automobile manufacture in 2011 by production behind General Motors and Volkswagen Group. Toyota is the eighth largest company in the world by revenue (around 200 billion USD) in 2011. The company reported it had manufactured its 200million cars in 2012.

Culture is a common behaviour of the human, representing a group of common ideological. "Cultural difference" is the difference between the cultures of different countries, different nationalities, for

Culture is a complex subject held by a particular social group, considered the core concept in intercultural communication. It varies from primary dimensions such as age, ethnicity, gender, geographical location, sexual orientation, social economic status, etc. culture, however, is “not rigid and homogeneous, but is dynamic and heterogeneous” ( Martin, Nakayama 36). It is valid to say this statement is opinioned to be true. We live in a social world in which we are not part of a unified system. Culture is not a variable, meaning it cannot be quantified or measured. For instance, being a Hispanic at a time and place is deeply heterogeneous. People who belong to a certain group culture in a particular, do not all act alike or behave the same, regardless of their cultural background. Nevertheless, individuals are stereotyped based on their physical appearance or background, etc.

There are many economic system in the study of economy .Economy system is the structure of production, distribution of economic input and output and consumption of goods and services in an economy. There are 3 types of economic system which are planned economy system (command economy), mixed economy system and free market system (market economy). Therefore , different countries have different economy system.

Toyota Motor Corporation is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota, Aichi, Japan. Toyota is known as the second-largest automotive manufacturer in world, behind German Volkswagen Group in 2016. Toyota adopted JIT in the Toyota Production System (TPS) as a means of eliminating the wastes in all aspects of production.

The general idea of culture that is ingrained into the brains of many people, may consist of associating culture with countries or ethnic groups. One of the main key points to this term is that it incorporates much more than just those two aspects. When viewing it from a sociological perspective, culture can be deconstructed into 3 components. Through background knowledge after taking a sociology class, values, norms, and artifacts when combined, is what defines the term culture. These aspects that create culture, can differentiate a family from one another.

In the Chapter 3 of “The Reality of Social Construction”, Dave Elder-Vass examines the academic views about culture and rules. He calls cultural realism the view according to which culture and rules exist independently of people. In this chapter, the author explains the reason why he does not agree with the academic view of culture.

Kroeber and Kluckhohn (1962) identify over 150 scientific definitions of the concept of culture. Indeed, many authors have tried to define culture and this is why there are so many definitions and that a unique one is hard to find. First of all, Kroeber and Kluckholn (1952) assume that culture is a suite of patterns, implicit and explicit, “of and for behaviour acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievements of human groups, including their embodiments in artefacts” (p.47). Later, Hofstede adds that culture is “the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another” (Hofstede, 1991, p.51). This definition is the most widely accepted one amongst practitioners. For Winthrop (1991), culture is the distinctive models of thoughts, actions and values that composed members of a society or a social group. In other words,