UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI EKONOMSKA FAKULTETA
SPECIALISATION THESIS
Tatjana MEDIC
UNIVERZA V LJUBLJANI EKONOMSKA FAKULTETA PODIPLOMSKI STUDIJ
SPECIALISATION THESIS International Business Strategy Of Toys“R”Us For The Norwegian Market
Ljubljana, May 2002
Tatjana MEDIC
Conformation
Tatjana Medic, a student of the University of Economics in Ljubljana, hereby confirms to be the author of this specialisation thesis written under the guidence of Professor Tone Hrastelj. Pursuant to 1st paragraph of the 21st article of the Law of the author and legal rights I give the University of Economics in Ljubljana the right to use and publish this thesis.
Ljubljana, 23 May 2002
Tatjana Medic
Izjava Studentka Tatjana Medic
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However, as recently as the 1970s, some governments and firms saw international marketing as an “optional extra” of minor importance. International business was typically considered a field reserved for a few trading companies and specialists. Other firms were content to focus on their domestic markets and disregarded international dimensions.
Conditions have changed. Global trade has rapidly increased in both volume and value, reaching nowadays more than $4 trillion in 1997 (Daniels J.D., Radebaugh, 1998, pg. 529). Competition is fierce from all corners of the world. Failure at the global level can backfire and may consume existing brands and business relationships. At the same time, global opportunities have emerged that offer possibilities for growth, profit, and an improvement in worldwide standards of living.
Today, firms have to deal with a global marketplace; marketers have no other choice. Participation in global marketing has begun to shift from a mere “option” to an imperative. The world is becoming more homogeneous. Distinctions between national markets
Globalisation is the internationalization of trade and often forces businesses to adopt new strategies for operations to suit different cultures and economies. The often easily saturated domestic market has triggered many large
When practicing international marketing, a company becomes more involved in local marketing environments than it does in export marketing.
Expanding globally is a great opportunity for American business owners to increase profits and growth within their company. Going global offers businesses the opportunity to experience the benefits of reducing dependency on a single market, while gaining market share in a foreign market. At this time, only about 10% of American business owner’s are involved in exporting their products to other countries. Although there are great opportunities in global expansion, careful consideration must be given before committing to an expansion of this magnitude. Expanding into a foreign country can be difficult because of cultural diversities and practices, regulation, consumer behavior, economic stability, and many other reasons. In order to properly evaluate the markets in other countries an in
3. What is meant by Global Marketing Global marketing seems to be quite similar to international marketing at first glance. Although some authors state that both terms can be used interchangeably, there are a lot of differences between both terms when you analyze them in more detail. Due to marketing theories, international marketing was a stage in the evolution of global marketing. The Oxford University Press defines global marketing as "marketing on a worldwide scale reconciling or taking commercial advantage of global operational differences, similarities and opportunities in order to meet global objectives." It seems like international marketing only deals with the selling of products all over the world, but there are a lot of other aspects to it. For example, the marketing strategy or production of goods should be taken into consideration more
In this type of organization can be observed few characteristics of Weber’s theory such as a clear-cut division of labor, high level of specialization and the hierarchical authority applies to offices and positions of the organization.
Marketing departments that operate in a global marketplace have to consider their products position amongst competitors and how they can effectively target consumers in an ever changing environment. Consumers have many choices and can demand higher expectations from the products that they purchase. Global competition has created an situation for organizations which has shorten their product lifecycles, increased the importance of quality, created more competition in pricing of products, and
As cost of transportation and communication becomes reduced, corporations are no-longer constricted by borders. Innovation of technology has created a worldwide web making distance and geography no longer relevant for economic purposes. In today’s world, when conditions are right, it is just as easy to do business with someone across the globe as it is with someone across your street. Globalization has opened the doors to economic freedom, and economic freedom became the trigger for international free trade and overall economic expansion. It allows for personal choices and prosperity. On a day to day basis, consumers are no longer limited to local products, they have the choice to choose from a myriad of brands and selections imported from
The importance of international marketing increased in the last years in a context in which market saturation and competition broke out within different branches. The analysis of foreign markets became more important for enterprises, because of the increasing internationalization of the business activity. While at the beginning of the internationalization, standardization and differentiation just considered domestic markets, today market segmentation is taken on global extent because of intensified individualisation of behaviour 's demand of the consumers. It can happen, that consumers of different countries due to increased mobility, assimilation of demographic structure and better communication and information technologies, show more
Hill, C. (9th Edition), International Business, Competing in the Global Marketplace. (Global Edition) Mc Graw-Hill .
Trade is increasingly global in scope today. There are several reasons for this. One significant reason is technological—because of improved transportation and communication opportunities today, trade is now more practical. Thus, consumers and businesses now have access to the very best products from many different countries. Increasingly
The global marketplace has witnessed an increased pressure from customers and competitors in manufacturing as well as service sector (Basu, 2001; George, 2002). Due to the rapidly changing global marketplace only
Globalization refers to the establishment of worldwide operations and the development of standardized products and marketing. Companies are pushed to go global due to regional trading blocks, declining tariffs, the opportunity to open up new markets, and to take advantage of the information technology boom. E-commerce, in particular, has produced a commonality of taste worldwide and permitted instantaneous global marketing possible. Globalization has fostered and been aided by strategic alliances of rivals, suppliers and customers. The drawbacks to globalization are the riskier nature of going global due to the divergent needs of different cultures, the loss of a company's identity with its home country, a loss of flexibility and responsiveness, as well as the neglect of the need for differentiated products. Regionalization, then, would be less risky, more manageable, and have the ability to take advantage of local
Introduction International business comprises a large and increasing portion of the world’s total trade (Johnson et al., 1994; Czinkota et al., 1995). The growth of international business has gained momentum faster than previously recorded, outstripping domestic business (Daniels and Radebaugh, 1995). The impact of such growth on many companies is that they are now “rushing to become
Due to the existence of Information Technology, international trade has boomed. We are now about to view products and communicate at a first rate. Some of the drawbacks are that there have been many monopolies. Instead of having companies share a piece of the pie, large corporations are wanting the entire pie. With monopolies, this causes problems all over the world. Examples include the price raise in gain for fuel in the US and manufactured goods in China which help both the rich and poor. These are seen everywhere today and international trading can be both good and bad. Large corporations around the world have expanded their networks and investments which have helped produce complex goods increasingly and these goods can literally be sold anywhere (“Globalization & International
* Apply international marketing theories and consumer research to solve a range of contemporary marketing problems. * Understand the influence of variables such as price, promotion, product and distribution in global markets. * Evaluate global marketing activities * Identify country attractiveness of different global markets * Compare and contrast two markets for possible entry.