Tp53 Research Paper

Urainum-238 has a half-life of around 4.5 billion years, meaning that half the atoms in any sample will decay in that amount of time (4.5 billion years). Uranium-238 emits alpha particles which are less powerful than other forms of radiation, and weak gamma rays. As long as it remains outside the body, uranium poses little health

The United States tested nuclear bombs, “215 A- and H-bombs” (www.nukewatch.com) above ground between 1951 and 1963 in the Nevada Test Site. Fifty years later, the U.S government studies stated that over 80,000 people who lived or were born in the U.S suffered from cancer caused by radioactive fall-out from nuclear testing. Over 15,000 of them died. Many of whom were from the states close to the testing sites, called the “downwinders,” Utah, Idaho and other states. From the Nevada Test Site the winds carried nuclear radiation fallout, filled with “iodine-131” which caused “75,000 thyroid cancers, ten percent of which are estimated to have been fatal, and strontium-90 and cesium-137, which are dangerous for between 280 and 300 years,” (nukewatch) likely causes of bone and skin cancer and leukemia. Therefore, there is some strong evidence that nuclear fall-out in the 1950s did cause cancer.

Naturally forming uranium undergoes radioactive decay by emission of an alpha particle and gamma radiation. As the decay continues, it releases radiation.This is an extreme health issue that, in large amounts, can cause cancer and liver damage.

It is now known that radium, shown in figure 4, is a potent carcinogen (a substance the cause’s cancer (Wilbraham, Staley, Marta, & Waterman, 2005)). It emits a form of ionizing radiation which “includes electromagnetic radiation (e.g., gamma rays and X-rays) as well as particles (e.g., alpha particles, beta particles, high-speed neutrons, high-speed electrons, high-speed protons, etc.)” (National Library of Medicine, n.d.). Acute studies have been done on the effects of radium exposure on the human body by organizations like the Geneva World Health Organization, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, and Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. As a result of their findings, The National Library of Medicine states that sufficient evidence has been provided showing that prolonged exposure to Raduim-224, Radium-226,

Cancer is a genetic, heritable disease in which abnormal cells divide rapidly destroying normal body cells, often being fatal. Cancer can occur in any body tissue; skin, organs, and parts of the reproductive system (Duda). There are various activities linked to different types of cancer, such as smoking, too much sun exposure, gene mutations, carcinogens, and viruses. A major cause of cancer, dating all the way back to the 1950’s, is radiation. Atomic testing ordered by the U.S. Government has been suspected to be the cause of many deaths linked to radiation-related diseases (Williams 149).

CYP51A1 is an important cytochrome P450 enzyme, also called as Lanosterol 14 α-demethylase. It is known to play an important role in conversion of lanosterol to 4,4-dimethylcholesta-8(9),14,24-trien-3β-ol[1] The cytochrome P450 enzymes belongs to some conserved group of proteins. Such proteins play an important role in the metabolism of organic substances and also in the biosynthesis of important steroids, lipids and vitamins.[2]3

Over the next several years, (during the 1920s) many of the factory workers became very ill and exhibited symptoms such as severe anemia, extreme joint pain, and disintegrating jaws (Carter, 2007, p. 2). Radium is an incredibly unstable element, and thus it has a very short half-life. A half-life is the time it takes for half the original amount of the element to decay to another element, and because Radium-226 (its most common isotope) has a half life of only 1600 years, it is highly radioactive . Additionally, radium’s chemical properties resemble those of calcium, so when the young factory workers ingested the element, it made its way into their bones, where it would then decay and release alpha particles (large particles emitted from helium atoms), gamma rays (high speed light radiation) and beta particles (fast moving electrons) into nearby bones (Quigley, 2002). This ultimately caused extreme bone decay, as well as bone cancers in many instances. Because of this, radium can be classified as a carcinogen. Although alpha particles are not strong enough to penetrate flimsy substances such as paper, they are dangerous when ingested because tissue inside the body can receive high levels of ionizing radiation. As this reaction is taking place, alpha particles are being emitted as a helium atom gains two new protons (thus increasing its atomic number), and the atom’s mass subsequently increases by

Whether or not uranium exposure can cause cancer is a popular question in the media. Many studies show that there is carcinogenic potential, but others have also shown that it is possible that it doesn’t cause cancer. There are two doses of uranium. One of them is chronic low dose. This dose means that it is below being able to detect adverse health effects. This dose can enter your body through drinking water [5]. Low level exposure to uranium for extended time can cause a “subclinical’ illness. This can increase the rates of carcinogenesis. Not very many diseases have been discovered from low dose exposure. The second dose of uranium, high dose exposure, is when uranium can cause a big effect on your body. This is not very common, and may

ALS is a neurodegenerative disease that is caused by many contributing factors; one such factor is the aggregation of TDP-43 protein, characterized by ubiquitinated proteins that build up in abnormal intra-neuronal inclusions in hippocampus, neocortex, and spinal cord in the individuals affected with ALS. Inclusions may arise from a cellular attempt to group accumulated proteins preventing their obstruction with normal cell function. Presence of these inclusion bodies confer cytotoxic effects that play a part in neuronal cell damage, which causes oxidative stress and stimulates apoptotic pathways destroying the motor neurons. In this project we have tried to find a probable molecule which can bind to TDP-43 and prevents its aggregation by preventing

From reading and studying many articles I have learned that when heavy toxic materials enter our bodies, it causes TP53 to become active. When uranium enters our body, it is more dangerous than the other materials (chrome, Cd, mercury & lead), because it does the exact opposite. It makes TP53 inactive rather than active, as a result it causes cancer. Because of this TP53 can’t fix the damage uranium has done, since it is inactive. Consider this, there is no known solution for this specific problem. Over the course of time researchers have tried numerous times to discover a solution for uranium poisoning. Eventually, researchers have discovered various techniques to detect and remove uranium toxicity from the body. First, the

Radiating a DNA sample for 2 minutes decreased its survival time by 57%. Therefore one can see that minor radiation decreases the DNA’s resistance to harsh conditions drastically and not only extended periods under radiation. Such conditions resemble the conditions of the stomach. Cells present in the stomach built to withstand the harsh conditions can no

Radiation, found in X rays has been used in clinical medicine since its discovery over two hundred years ago. Today, it is common knowledge that radiation can cause cancer and other genetic mutations within the body, but years ago people’s cells were being mutated by radiation without anything being done to regulate or impede it. The life-saving discovery, that radiation causes genetic mutations, came at the hands of Hermann Muller due to his dedication and pure love for genetics. Hermann Muller is a man of vast intellect who came into the public eye for his work in genetics, his role as an educator, his outspoken political standpoint, and his status as a Nobel Laureate. Through his background, actions, and legacy, Hermann Joseph Muller has

On Earth, the layers of atmosphere shield us from most of the radiation that could ever reach us but not all radiation is filtered like UV radiation. If there was no atmosphere, the high-energy particles can rip through the DNA’s links and cause mutations (usually in the form of cancer). When a high-energy particle affects the DNA/RNA or molecules, it can rip apart links or chains in the DNA/molecules. [3] The links that ripped apart a DNA can cause cancer and can affect chromosomes in the process. This process eventually leads to death if the DNA/RNA or cell is unable to repair the damage bonds. Exposure radiation can cause either an acute or chronic radiation poisoning. [3] Acute radiation is simply one large exposure to radiation either from high-energy/ionized or cosmic rays. Instead of having one large exposure of radiation, chronic radiation is having small doses over time, hence the Latin root

It is not until recently that people have become dependent on this element, and not necessarily for the good of it, and the world. There is an obsession with uranium because of its unique properties. Uranium is extremely powerful because of its radioactive properties and unstable nuclei, especially that of Uranium-235. It is able to break down and release high frequency radiation through alpha and beta decay. It is because of these characteristics that Uranium has such a craze on the population of the world (Cox, 1995; Scerri, 2007). The properties of uranium allow people to create powerful plants to produce electricity, and weapons strong enough to destroy the world.

radiation (the kind used in X-rays) is known to cause cancer at high doses, the risks of