Tpn Nutrition Case Study

The goal of this experiment is to determine the blood types of the samples given and to learn what interactions occurred to each blood type. Determining an individual’s blood type and how it reacts with Anti A, Anti-B, and Anti Rh serums played a crucial part in this experiment. The researcher concluded that agglutination (clumping) occurred in some of the blood samples. For example, Mr. Smith’s blood reacted with Anti-A and Anti-Rh serums (antibodies) allowing the researcher to determine the blood type is A. Mr. Jones’s blood reacted with Anti-B serum but it did not react to Anti-A or Anti Rh allowing the researcher to believe that the blood type is B. Mr. Green’s blood reacted with all serums and caused a reaction to occur resulting the blood type to be AB positive. Mr. Green’s blood also had a positive marker for Rh factor. However, Ms. Brown’s blood had no reaction at all and the researcher determined if no reaction occurred then the sample had no antigens but proved to have some antibodies, resulting in blood type to be O. The purpose of this experiment is to determine whose blood has type A, B, AB, or O.

Will a nutritional supplement have the same effects as directly consuming beneficia? It is possible that the production and refinement of the beneficia plant will remove essential components and may reduce the efficaciousness of the beneficia plant. Moreover, the amount of such a supplement required to acheive satisfactory results would need to be empirically tested before a dosage recommendation could be made. Further study is needed to determine if a supplement will acheive the desired results equivelant to the consumption of the actual beneficia

The body also needs zinc to make proteins and DNA, the genetic material in all cells

North 1960) (Table 2.1). In college men who were vegetarians that consumed their self-selected diets, Lang et al. (1965) found that a higher Mn intake of 7.07 mg/day resulted in a positive Mn balance of 3.34 mg/day and retention of 47.24% (V.M. Lang 1965). In 1984, Patterson et al. (1984) examined Mn dietary levels over the course of one year in 28 young adult men and women. A diet was collected for 2 days during each of the four seasons of a year. The dietary intake of Mn averaged 3.0 mg/day, with a mean negative metabolic balance of -0.16, -0.16, -0.12 and - 0.21 mg/day for Spring, Summer, Fall and Winter, respectively. These negative balances observed suggested that a dietary level of 3 mg was inadequate to permit positive balance (K. Y. Patterson 1984).

The nutrients include vitamin B12, vitamin D, iron, zinc, and selenium; all have in common that the richest and/or most efficient sources are animal-based. Vitamin B12 can be obtained from enriched plant products. Similarly, vitamin D can be obtained from enriched dairy products and cooking oils, eggs and chanterelles. However, due to the deficiency of vitamin D-synthesis during winter in the northernmost countries, supplementation is advised during the winter period. Iron and zinc can be adequately ingested through foods with high iron and zinc content, such as whole-grain cereals, pulses, nuts, and seeds. Adequate selenium intake can be achieved by inclusion of egg, milk, pulses, nuts and buckwheat in the

Vitamin and mineral deficiencies can become a problem and should be a significant concern for health care providers. Some of the nutrients of concern include: Vitamin B-12, Iron, Omega-3 fatty acids, and zinc. A deficiency in any of these can lead to a variety of health problems. A deficiency in B-12 can cause fatigue and, although less likely, anemia. The risk of anemia is increased greatly in the presence of inflammatory bowl disease. Deficiency of Omega-3 fatty acid, which is also of concern with a vegetarian diet, increases the risk of both colitis and Crohn’s disease. An increased homocysteine level, which is an early sign of heart disease, is also associated with low levels of vitamin B12. Iron deficiency is also problematic for vegetarians, possibly leading to iron deficiency anemia. While it is found in some beans and vegetables, iron is most easily absorbed from red meat sources. Zinc is a mineral required for many processes, including supporting a healthy immune system. Deficiencies will cause patients to be more susceptible to pathogens and

Iron is one of the most important minerals to allow one’s body to carry out important functions and tasks. It is vital to “transport oxygen throughout the body” (Watson 16), more specifically it is a “component of hemoglobin, the substance in red blood cells that carries oxygen from your lungs to transport it throughout your body” (Watson 16). Without iron, one wouldn’t be able to produce red blood cells,

An increase of 150 mg/d to 400 mg/d in Mg intake or an increase of 0.1 mEq/L in serum Mg level, caused 9% reduction in CVD risk (66). The benefits of increasing Mg intake on CVD risk factors such as improvement in lipid profiles, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and metabolic syndrome have been shown in several studies (63, 72). In addition, rare reports exist on hypermagnesaemia or Mg toxicity in patients with normal renal function.

As living creature’s animals and people iron is one of many essential minerals we that need to stay alive. Iron is required to produce red blood cells through a process called haematopoiesis. It is also an important component of the red blood cells (in hemoglobin) where the iron is present when that is transporting oxygen from the lungs then throughout the body. Once the oxygen delivered the iron binds to the carbon dioxide back to the lungs and the carbon is exhaled. It has many other functions: maintain homeostasis, metabolism (conversion of blood sugar to energy, production of enzymes, amino acids, new cells, hormones, etc.). The metabolisms process is allowing people to maintain healthy cells of skin, nails, hair, internal organs, and everything else that allows a person to be alive. However too little iron could cause a condition known as iron deficiency such as anemia. If someone has too much iron it can cause a person to become toxic as the storage of iron increases it would cause Hemochromatosis and other conditions. For the research, I have selected House: season three and episode 23 “The Jerk”.

Magnesium have an significant role for human metabolic, which is one of the most abundant micronutrients in human body. Several studies have been suggested that magnesium have the assistant function for a number of metabolic reactions. Adenosine Triphosphate(ATP), exits as a complex with magnesium, including DNA synthesis, protein, RNA, lipid, and carbohydrate that it participates in all metabolic reactions with magnesium. According to some observational studies, lacking of the consumption of magnesium is likely to contribute to cardiovascular disease. it is recommended that in order to reduce the risk of magnesium deficiency, consuming appropriate magnesium from dietary intake by eating more food such as milk, banana, beans and

Zinc is an essential mineral that plays roles in multiple bodily functions such as participating in the transcription of DNA, translation of RNA, having multiple roles in the perpetuation of genetic material and cell division (Christine Hotz et al. 2004). A lot of these roles, although they are only a fraction of zinc does in the body, are related to the development of a child during pregnancy. A zinc deficiency causes a decrease in growth and development of the fetus, as well as errors in timing, sequencing, and efficiency of parturition, the action of giving birth (Laura E. Caulfield et. Al 1998). These consequences can lead poor health of the mother the child and increase chances of needing and operative surgery. Since zinc is an essential nutrient, humans only obtain zinc through the absorption of

Our results demonstrate that there is a relation between iron therapy and HbA1C in patients with type 2 DM. Our results are in accordance with the findings of Brooks et al. and Davis et al.’s study [19, 20]. They revealed a relationship between iron deficiency anemia and HbA1C levels and attempted to ex¬plain the alteration in HbA1C levels in iron deficiency anemia on the basis of both modifications to the structure of hemoglobin and levels of HbA1C in old and new red blood cells.

Due the specified characteristic, people have been interested in the role of several minerals. As with the vitamins B, minerals also play an essential role for the metabolism of the human. According to the studies, appropriate amount of magnesium and zinc can effectively increase the growth of muscle and muscle metabolism. in addition to this, the capacity for improving the consumption of energy and work performance. The minerals in dietary do not result directly in energy demand. However, they are essential and as a body regulators and play a significant role in metabolic pathways of the human body. It is widely known that , the rate of minerals is 4% - 5 % which are only accounting for a few fraction of whole body weight. The biochemical

Tunisian adults were supplemented for six months with a medley of minerals including 400 μg/d of chromium (Anderson, 203). The effects of the mineral supplementation were measured before and after the six month period. Three groups were created in order to measure the effects of the supplementation. The control group only received a placebo for the experiment. The diabetic group showed a decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances from the chromium supplement. However, the supplement did not show a decrease in blood glucose levels, nor did it show a decrease in HbA1C. No interactions were found between zinc and chromium supplementation. Since no interactions were found, the data supports giving the supplementation medley together in hopes that oxidative stress will be

iron deficiency of iron in the blood. The following supplies were used in the lab,