Trade and Generic Name, Drug Classification and Mechanism of Action

Diabetes is a disease affects many different systems of the body. It can be a devastating disease and with the increasing numbers of people with the disease it is crucial that research in done to help prevent and control the disease. Along with the increase number of patients diagnosed with diabetes type 2 comings with the high cost of the disease. The complications and increasing cost of diabetes has drawn attention to the need for its prevention and its complications. With exercise and diet studies have shown that a diabetes type 2 diagnoses can be prevented or prolonged. Along with exercise to has been shown that nutrition plays a role in managing the prevention of diabetes. Also in the study conducted by the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group that was shown that with people who took metformin before being diagnosed with diabetes had a lower change of developed type 2 diabetes. In conclusion through it is shown that maintaining a health diet, and exercising diabetes type 2 can possibly be prevented and with further research there may be a cure

Answer: The combination of Insulin as well as oral hyperglycaemic drugs may be prescribed for Diabetes because they help in lowering the blood glucose levels. However the primary treatment doesn’t consist of these drugs. The primary treatment comprises of Diet control, Physical activity and Weight control. If after following the primary treatment strictly, no improvement in the blood glucose level is achieved then medication is suggested for the same. Insulin helps in maintaining the blood sugar levels. Note that insulin is not to be taken orally because the acids and digestive juices in the stomach destroy it. It has to be injected under the skin only. Taking insulin leads patient to experience Hyperglycaemic condition. The Hyperglycaemic drugs helps our body to react appropriately with the insulin so that the insulin hormone is able to help transfer glucose from blood to the cells successfully.

Sarah Jennings is a 45 years old female, 5 feet 6inches tall, 130lbs. Today she came in to see Dr. Wallace for 3-month appointment. She has been diagnosed with hypertension, diabetes, and cholesterol. Due her cholesterol medication she was asked to come in to get her liver function checked. During her visit today she mentioned to the doctor she has had knee pain for the past few days. It started after she tripped while hiking last week. Sarah also suffers with bipolar disorder, but she has been doing well with the anti-depressant she is on. She is a very sweet, tiny, determined lady who is trying her best to keep up with all her health issues. She has changed her diet and has been good with exercising daily.

It also decreases the amount of sugar absorbed by your intestines and stomach and lowers the level of sugar that is made by the liver as well as helps to maintain it at a normal level. Your metformin medication alone is not likely to contribute to an episode of hypoglycemia however if taken in conjunction with other diabetic medications it could increase your changes so be mindful of the combination of medications which you are taking. Some common side effects is nausea, upset stomach or vomiting and diarrhea other signs of an allergic reaction could be hives, swelling of your face, tongue, lips, and difficulty

The patient medication list included the pharmacologic primary medical treatment for her diabetes is Metformin (Glucophage) 500 MG, 1 tab, taken orally, twice every day. When asked about her medication she showed the same medication that is documented on the electronic health record. R.O. admits that she has not taken her diabetes medication since she was last in the hospital, which was three weeks ago. She

Belladonna alkaloids is used to treat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and intestinal inflammation in combination with other medications. IBS is an invasive gastrointestinal functional bowel disorder, characterized by a recurrent crampy diarrhea and abdominal pain. Belladonna works by decreasing motion of muscles in the intestine and stomach providing them with a mild sedation

Drugs that are not listed may not be covered. If possible, sticking with drugs that are pre-approved and listed will help you save money on health care.

Metformin is a diabetes medicine that helps control blood sugar levels in people with type II diabetes. You will take this pill two times a day in the morning and at night to improve blood sugar control. Remember to drink a full 8-ounce glass of water when taking this medication to assure proper hydration. Your kidney health will be monitored while you take this medication.

The individual used in this paper was a 56-year-old female that is pre-diabetic but is on the verge of having type 2 diabetes. The individual has been dealing with diabetes for the last 4 years. She stated that she was placed on Metformin 3 years ago to help control blood glucose levels. The individual states that she did not take her Metformin like she was suppose to and was having trouble keeping her A1C down. She stated that her primary care physician recommended she tried to control her blood glucose through diet and exercise and if she was able to do this she would be able to get of the Metformin.

Health benefits of taking Metformin are not only limited to regulating blood sugar levels and preventing risks associated with diabetes only. The drug can be prescribed because of additional gains

2. Metformin is a biguanide type of drug. It's used to treat T2DM. It works by decreasing hepatic glucose production, & increases insulin uptake in muscles. Potential side effects: diarrhea, nausea, bloating, lactic acidosis Food-Drug interactions: decreases folate & vitamn B12 absorption; avoid alcohol; take with meals to lessen any GI distress.

I have chosen the above topic because the guidelines are very vague in recommending this combination therapy even though we have clear cut guidelines recommending the use of individual agents in the treatment in Type II Diabetes patients. American diabetes association (1) guidelines recommend advising lifestyle modifications like healthy eating, increased physical activity and weight control, and if the patient fails to meet the target HbA1C levels on lifestyle changes, Metformin is added and over a period of three months, if the patient does not reach the target A1C levels, patient can be started on two drug combinations and we have several options to do this, from sulfonylureas, TZDs ,GLP-1 Analogues, DPP-4 inhibitors and insulin. A search of literature for this combination (2) shows that there are very few clinical studies conducted with the combination of GLP 1 analogues and Insulin and in these studies it was more common to find short-acting GLP-1 RA (exenatide twice daily, liraglutide once daily, lixesanatide once daily) treatment added to an existing insulin regimen (with or without concomitant OAMs) rather than insulin added to existing GLP-1 RA therapy.

The first line for mild to moderate high blood glucose level is diet and exercise, but Mrs. Anna was prescribed an oral anti-hyperglycemic agent to manage the elevated blood glucose level (McKenna, 2012). Metformin is an oral anti-diabetes medication which is believed to enhance glucose tolerance in patients diagnosed with type 2 DM by reducing equally the intestinal glucose absorption and the hepatic production of glucose, associated with a vast improvement of insulin sensitivity in the body tissues (McKenna, 2012). Metformin was also found to create a pleasant potential effect on lowering fibrinolytic activity as well as decreasing the serum lipid levels. The common side effects of metformin are linked to the gastrointestinal like diarrhea,

If Metformin can not be used because of the patient’s creatinine and renal deterioration, the next drug of choice that could be used is sulfonylurea. It is one of the oldest class oral agents. Sulfonylurea drugs are very effective in controlling glucose, but it can be associated with increased weight gain and hypoglycemia (Inzucchi et al., 2012). Due to Cynthia’s complaints I would diagnosis her with hypoglycemia. I would keep her on Simvastatin and Lisinopril and and change her medication to Januvia. Patient’s often respond differently to medications so it is very important to make sure the patient is not experiencing a risk that is associated with a certain medication. Cynthia is experiencing a hypoglycemic event due to taking a sulfonylurea,

Biguanide (Metformin) is usually the first diabetes medication prescribed if a healthy diet and physical activity alone has not sufficiently helped to control the blood glucose levels. Metformin works in two ways: It helps to stop the liver producing new glucose and to overcome insulin resistance by making insulin carry glucose into muscle cells more effectively. It is available in different forms – tablets for immediate release (up to three times per day) or prolonged release (usually once per day), and oral solution and powder for oral solution for immediate release. It is often used for people who are overweight because it generally does not encourage weight gain and can reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications like heart