Classical civilizations had advanced societies over the span of thousands of years. Classical civilizations started at the end of the Neolithic era around the 8th century and lasted all the way to the 5th century. These societies had many advances which included trading. The main civilizations that had trading patterns between each other were China, India, Greece, and Rome. What were some technological advances in trading? But what were these trading patterns? What were some connections between classical civilizations because of trading? How did trade affect religion and culture? Summed up trade was an important part of the classical culture that affected technology, culture, and economy.
Trade had a major effect on technology and trade
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The Met Museum article about Trans-Saharan Trade said: “From the eighth century on, annual trade caravans followed routes later described by Arabic authors with minute attention to detail. Gold, sought from the western and central Sudan, was the main commodity of the trans-Saharan trade.” These trade caravans domesticated camels to cross the Saharan desert to trade essential goods that were needed in Africa. Classical Greece is on a peninsula between 4 seas and is surrounded by mountains. So we can conclude already by its geography that Greece traded by Sea. The 4 seas that surround Greece is Ionian Sea, Aegean Sea, Black Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea. The EH article about Classical Greece Economy says “Many of the goods traded throughout ancient Greek history were luxury goods, manufactured items, such as jewelry and finely painted vases, as well as specialty agricultural products like fine wine and honey.” Yes, most trades was luxury goods which showed the financial stability of Classical Greece they also traded necessities like grain and timber mostly from the Black Sea. Rome was a huge empire that needed to support its vast amount of land. One of these ways was through trade. Rome conquered pretty much the
The effects of the trade networks was able to let people know that there's more to the world than what they can see, hear, and learn from. There was cultural diffusion like Islam starting from East Africa spreading towards the Middle East and India. However, this was all caused by the need of having resources and raw goods like gold and salt as well as the development of
According to the map, Great Ages of Man: Early Islam, it shows how trade impacted the religion of Islam’s way of life and how it helped spread their culture, [Document A]. The map shows land and sea trade route, in 570, that were used to trade across the Byzantine and Persian empires. Another example is that, according to Desmond Stewart, “Vast camel trains, bearing spices, perfumes… ivory, silk, filled though the town headed north on the way from Yemen… to the markets of Syria and headed east from the Red sea across the desert to Iraq,” [Document A]. Trading was an easy and resourceful way to preach and inform people about Islam. Since, they traded with a wide variety of places they were able to spread the words of Allah to many time of people.
WIthout them nobody would be able to get to the places where they needed to bring or get goods. Although trade has impacted the world and society positively, there were some drawbacks that occurred throughout time. Some regions that grew but had some challenges from trade where China, Europe and America. China had a great impact on trade from the 300’s to the 1800’s. They used Trade networks, such as the silk road, to their advantage.
As technology was not the only positive thing there were some economic benefits. Multiple trade routes were found connecting the lands to buy and sell materials. The Triangular Trade Route had a massive impact because it connected between Europe, Africa, and America (DOCUMENT 6). Trade had enhanced new things and was a big part of the Age of Exploration. There were many different versions of trading, such as the Global Trade.
Trade is extremely important to any civilization that intends on growing and prospering. There were basically two different kinds of trade routes. The sea routes which incorporated shipping items over water and the land routes where they carted items back and forth, both of which provided items and money into the economy of Rome. Such items as grains, cereals, papyrus, and silk were traded. Control and the efficient use of these trades routes certainly helps a developing nation, but is it the main factor in why Rome grew so fast?
One extremely prosperous time of the trade in China was in the Ming Dynasty under the reign of Yonglo. This was because during this period, the explorer, Zheng He, was promoting the trade with China and showing off the Chinese culture through goods like silk or ceramic art. He went on seven voyages to places like Southeast Asia, the Indian Coast, the Arabian Peninsula, and East Africa (document 2). One effect of his voyages was the making of a port city called Canton where the Portuguese, Dutch, and English merchants all traded with China. Unfortunately, after the death of Zheng He, the explorations ended due to it being too costly and then came the end of external trade after limiting contact with other places.
In ancient history, trading was a major factor in the lives of many. It helped to renew the business of trading in some places. Another name for the trading system was the barter system. In ancient history there were many commodities that were useful in the trading system. Salt, gold, and people all had a role in the trading industry.
During the Classical Era, Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East all existed relatively isolated from each other, with minimal interaction. By the end of the Classical Era, trade routes had developed and connected the regions. This created cultural diffusion and led the world into the Post-Classical ERa. During this era, trade networks impacted civilizations and culture by creating a more tolerant global climate, increasing and improving education, and speeding different religions across the land. These trade routes still impact the world today, often bringing controversy with such effects.
At the start of this period in 300 C.E, Afro-Eurasian trade was not very sophisticated. There was some collaboration with cultures in the Mediterranean. European goods were brought to
One way was the sea. Athens was located on the Attica peninsula so they were surrounded by water on three sides and Athens built its naval supremacy of Triremes. The Triremes gave Athens control of the Mediterranean Sea so they controlled trade and gained the name the “Big Olive.” A lot of the battles of the Persian war were fought with navies and the Trireme allowed for them to win the narrow straits of Salamis. The sea also greatly impacted economy. The Ionian Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and Aegean Sea connected all of the land and islands of Ancient Greece so they could trade with one another. The Sea also allowed for travel and they could trade with other countries like Egypt. They could make a profit for their natural resources and benefit from obtaining resources that were not natural to Greece at the time. The biggest impact geography had on Greece was the land. The land was dry with only 20% arable land and it was extremely mountainous. The mountains ran from the northwest part of Greece to the southeast part along the Balkan Peninsula. Due to the dryness, the Greek city states were constantly looking to expand their land and the mountains caused each city state to be spread apart. This made them have decentralized governments. Also due to the mountainous geography, there were over 1000 Greek city states including Athens and Sparta. Land also was on Sparta’s side during the Peloponnesian
Geographical location: The position of Greece at the crossroads between Africa, Asia, and Europe has undeniably played a large role in the diverse and often turbulent history of Greece. Protruding from Europe, Greece hangs precariously southward from the end of the Balkan Peninsula, and slices towards the Mediterranean Sea with dramatic peninsulas and thousands of large and small islands. The Mediterranean Sea offered an easily adaptable climate with mild winters and hot, dry summers, while the mountainous terrain, allowed for multiple easily defensible positions. The surrounding sea offered an environment conducive to developing and sustaining an enduring culture that was relatively safe from the incursions while able to communicate and exchange
There were good things about being a seafaring civilization. As the Ancient Greeks migrated to the coast of the Mediterranean, and Black Seas, they were able to put all of their energy into maritime trade, eventually making them dominant of the busiest waterway in the ancient world. (Acrobatic, 2014)
Shortly, economic, political, and social cooperation between the Greeks and those around them became compulsory and similar. As shown in the Greek Colonization Map (chapter3) the procedure of Greek settlement became stronger on the coasts of Anatolia lastingly changing the cultural geography of the Mediterranean world and the swap of cultures from the Greek to others and vice versa, as a fast result of trade. The western shores of Anatolia held the Greek culture strongly for the following thousands of years. A large amount of Greeks settled in southern parts of Italy which the Romans called Magna Graecia “Greater Greece.” The hunt for bazaars, possessions, and trade paths indorsed more understanding between cultures. Trade involving long distance was significant for a new arising economy but also the pipeline for concepts, and technical growth. Egyptians admired Greek’s pottery and wool while, the Greek’s revered the Egyptians Canaanite glass, and amulets. As seen in Egypt And Its Neighbors Map (Chapter 2) this led to a greater mutual
Greece and Persia Empires Greece and Persia were two of the four empires that emerged along the Mediterranean Sea, Central Asia and East Asia. Geography of both of these empires were very important in how the empires came to be. “Geography of the Aegean region included rugged mountains, deep valleys with poor, rocky soils, and narrow coastal areas, making the region less than suitable for the production of staple food crops such as wheat, but ideal for grapes and olives, which grew well throughout Greece.” (Historical Overview of Ancient Greece, 2018, p. 41) Greece also focused on maritime trade instead of relying on just a few staple crops, this eventually became the most contested waterway in the ancient world.
For example, individuals would trade food with a sheep, so they can use wool to make clothing. Additionally, trade expanded techknowledge. People learned how to produce variety of costumes. They started using distinct patterns and embroidery and developed different