Traditional Biomedical Model

There are many causes of lower back pain. Muscle or ligament strain is an example. Repeated heavy lifting or a sudden awkward movement can strain back muscles and spinal ligaments. This can also cause muscle spasms in your body as well. Bulging or ruptured disks are another reason.

Robert Trinh is a 34 year-old senior truck driver referred to your outpatient physical therapy office for “chronic low back pain” which started 7 months ago. He was lifting a particularly heavy load that day and felt something “tweaked” in his low back as he was bent over and moving the load from the truck into the sidewalk. He remembered being in a bent over posture and cannot straighten up for about 2 weeks and the posture gradually resolved. Current pain level is 8/10 with sharp burning sensation in the low back (P1= symptom location #1) that radiates down to the posterolateral right lower leg (P2= symptom location #2). The entire right lower leg also feels tingling often. Robert reports that the right lower leg can feel very sensitive at

Low back pain means a pain felt in the lower back. You may also have back stiffness, decreased movement of the lumbar region and difficulty standing up straight.

In 1995 Mickey Mantle received a liver transplant due to a failing liver caused by hepatitis and cirrhosis. He was a Baseball Hall of Fame center fielder for the New York Yankees. Even though the usual waiting period for a liver transplant in the United States is about 130 days, Mickey Mantle only had to wait two for the hospital to find an organ donor for him.

Low back pain (LBP) is a common condition worldwide; approximately 50-80% of adults suffer from LBP at least once during their lives [1, 2]. LBP represents a major health problem because of its prevalence, high probability of recurrence, consequences, and healthcare cost [3-6]. LBP has physical, psychological, and economic impacts on individuals. Furthermore, LBP is still the primary cause of absenteeism and disability in every industrialized society [226].

Method: Eleven subjects ranging in age from 18 - 65 were selected based on diagnosis of leg and low back pain. Those who participated in this study reported pain no longer than six months and no less than one month. These patients were screened using a standardized lumbar spine evaluation. Patients AROM, flexibility, medical history, strength, gait, neurology, and soft tissue were also evaluated and measured prior to testing. The test was designed using an A-B-A design where A is the baseline condition and B was intervention with the use of the PBWS. The

This pervasiveness of low back pain causes a great economic strain on individuals, families, communities, industries, and governments as it is the leading reason of activity limitation and work absence worldwide (Andersson, 1997, 93-141). In the United Kingdom, more than 100 million work days are lost every year due to low back pain disability among young adults (Croft, 1993, 710-3). In Sweden, more than 28 million work days were lost in 1987, quadrupling the 7 million lost in 1980 (Croft, 1993, 710-3). And in the United States, 149 million work days are lost every year (Guo, Tanaka, Halperin,

The main symptom of this condition is severe pain in the lower back. If a fracture is complex or severe there may also be:

In the U.S. alone, studies have shown that about 19%’’Brault” have or has had a disability or disorder that makes it very hard to earn a living. People with

DOI: 3/18/2016. Patient is a 31-year old female who sustained a work related injury to the lower back. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with strain of muscle, fascia and tendon of lower back, initial encounter. As per medical report dated 4/7/16, patient returns for recheck of injuries. The patient states she is not feeling better. Patient has been referred to physical therapy. On the review of system-musculoskeletal, back pain was noted. Lumbosacral spine shows tenderness at L2 to L5 at the left paraspinal (muscular, paraspinal L2, L3 and L4) and right paraspinal (muscular, paraspinal L2, L3 and L4).

With the increasing scientific knowledge in infectious diseases, human anatomy and physiology in the last century, the biomedical model has become a predominant approach to the health and illness (Willis & Elmer 2011; Germov 2014). The concept of health is however dynamic (Australia Bureau of Statistics 2001). Thus, contradictions often arise between the typical biomedical model and holistic approach to caring for patients (McKee 1988). In the case of Rhonda, a 26 years old girl, who experienced the abdominal pain that was initially caused by period pain, followed by a series tests, she was finally diagnosed as bowel and rectum inflammation. From a sociological perspective, should the doctor order all the tests and medication for this pain?

“Pain” Assessment“Pain”, written in conjunction with Dr. Ricard Sesek and other members of the Industrial and Systems Engineering Department at Auburn University, detects and analyzes problems experienced with the lower back from workers across the world. Low back pain (LBP) is a common and oppressive musculoskeletal disorder (MSD) with lifetime pervasiveness estimates ranging from approximately 40–80%. LBP was observed to be the greatest contributor unersal disability in terms of years lived with disability, as well as the sixth highest contributor to “overall burden” when measured in disability-adjusted life years of all 291 conditions studied, according to data extracted from the 2010 Global Burden of Disease study. A 2016 study recently

These pains are shoulder pains due to pathology on the apical lung, pains on the neck due to parotid pathology, lower back pains due to kidney stones. There are other pains not related to work activities which cause CMP. These are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis .

○ Pain is the primary symptom and commonly presents in the lower back or midback 11, 1

Serious, or Chronic, Illness and disabilities affect nearly 72 million working age adults, which is 39 percent of the working population in the United States (Tu and Cohen 2009). Chronic illnesses are ailments that are protracted, do not resolve spontaneously, and are rarely cured completely (Centers for Disease Control, 2009). Similar to chronic illness, disabilities tends to be a longer-term condition. The Americans with Disabilities Act defines people as disabled if they have an impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities, a record of such an impairment, or are regarded as having such an impairment (1991).