Traditional Preparations And Uses Of Maize

In part one (Influence of Crude Oil on prokaryotes) the following question will be answered; (1) which bacterial species in the Biello and Robinson articles gave off an impression of being best at separating the raw petroleum?

Massive cleanup efforts were initiated within a few weeks of the spill and they continued at reduced levels for the next three years. Approximately 14% of the spilled oil was recovered by cleanup crews (Newsweek, p.50). As a result of these efforts and natural weathering, little oil from the spill remained in the affected area by 1992. However, according to the National Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration some oil residues are still found under the ocean surface in areas sheltered from wind and waves. Yet, these residues are highly weathered and the toxicity is reduced to levels tolerable by organisms in the water (7). Nonetheless, the magnitude and timing of the Exxon Valdez oil spill raised immediate concerns about possible effects on marine fish and wildlife and prospects that these effects might be long lasting.

Oil pollution is causing cancer and other diseases. According to the text the oil might be damaging the health of those in its path. The text also states three studies show rising amounts of polluting chemicals in lakes and rivers near the oil sands. some cause cancer. According to http://www.dw.com/en/oil-boom-in-canada-health-and-environmental-damage-at-lake-athabasca/av-17437070 There is highly-toxic waste produced during the oil extraction process

Repercussions of burning oil have arisen more progressively. The debatable topic of global warming holds burning fossil fuels responsible for higher temperatures in colder climates. An article by World Book explains why oil is so harmful towards the environment. As more cars are produced more pollutants are released into the atmosphere, those pollutants cause smog in larger manufacturing oriented cities as well as, acid rain. Factories, burning oil, dispose of the remaining chemicals into bodies of water rendering them unsafe to drink for both humans and animals alike (Hunt par. 1). Another article produced through World Book describes the

The oil spills results of shipping accidents play a significant role in increasing the pollution. For example, in the 3rd of April 2010 4 tonnes of oil was spilled into the water.

Offshore oil drilling is a controversial topic because when oil spills, it does extensive amounts of damage to the environment. Countries capable of mining oil in the ocean reap the economic benefits in addition to reducing their dependency on external oil. While it is uncontroversial that offshore drilling is a massive boon for those countries, the environmental consequences of a spill also affect the economic welfare of nearby residents. Oil contaminates animals through a process called biomagnification, where chemicals progressively become more detrimental to the animals the higher they are on the food chain. When oil spills into the ocean, it impairs the growth of native species and deteriorates the ecosystem. As a result, the livelihood of people in the tourist industry, fisherman, and shrimpers is crippled and may take decades to recover.

Oil constantly surrounds consumers throughout the world, whether it be in transportation, electricity, and heating. Since consumers use, transportation, electricity, and heating every day, the demand for oil has surged and thus, multiple companies race to provide this dark elixir promptly. As all thoughts concentrate on the speed in which oil becomes transported, reckless mistakes happen, which swiftly unleashes the toxic elixir into the ocean. The oil then resides in the water with death looming over its shoulder; countless birds, mammals, and fish become poisoned by the oil, which proves lethal. However, an antidote, colonies of microscopic bacteria that consume oil can be used to clean the oil pollution. Although oil satisfies humans with

The oil plume in the Gulf of Mexico is a direct environmental impact on subjects like eutrophication of

The oil and refined products are a mixture of various hydrocarbons and other compounds whose physical and chemical properties vary; during an oil spill, the composite determines the behavior and impact on the environmental elements such as physical, biological, ecosystem, and the economical impact. During this Case Study I will continue to discuss the characteristics of each affected ecosystem including organisms commonly found in the Deepwater Horizon Spill affected area, potential threats based on their relative location to the spill, and the economic impact of damages in these communities.

The oil industry, though it harnesses over hundreds of billions of dollars’ revenue worldwide, it provides many consequences to ecosystems. They have the potential to kill marine mammals and birds by Direct Toxicty, and weakens the organism’s immune systems. Offshore drilling affects the geological structure of the oceans as the process of it includes drilling into the sedimentary rocks and into the oil reserves. The Exxon Valdez spill is an example of oil contamination that has killed an estimate of 250,00 sea birds, 3000 sea otters, 3000 harbor seals, 250 bald eagles, more than 70 killer whales, and billions of salmon and herring eggs.

The mining crude oil and the associated processes have led to negative impacts on the environment by:

Another purpose of this experiment is to stress the importance of knowing the identity of a microorganism. Knowing the species of microorganism present in a sample provides a

There are several methods used in the cleanup of large oil spills. According to Yang et al, bioremediation is the microbiological acceleration of the process of biodegradation of oil products. Also, the mechanical method of cleaning up of oil spill which involves the use of sorbents or direct skimming of oil from water surface. (4) This method is however said to be effective only on water surface and not on land. Other methods used includes burning of the oil and use of substance that solidify the oil to make it easy to be separated from the water surface as well as use of substances called dispersants. (5) All these processes in themselves have negative impact on the environment as well as human

Oil contamination is devastating for an environment. The free release of oil into the water leads to a wide range of negative consequences, such as “the spread by wind and wave” (Bai & Bai, 2014, p. 363). The oil spillage from the Deepwater Horizon platform floating on the surface was spread by wind and sun, moving over the water’s surface. As a result, the oil spread affected the environment, including the wildlife.

The microorganisms used in this study were isolated from oil contaminated seawater. The yeast presented in the samples were enriched by cultivation in Wickerham broth medium (10 g glucose, 5 g peptone, 3 g yeast extract, 3 g malt extract and distilled water up to 1 L; pH 6.2), while the fungal strains were enriched in Sabouraud dextrose broth medium (20 g glucose, 10 g peptone, 5 g yeast extract and distilled water up to 1 L; pH 5.6). Enriched cultures were incubated in an orbital shaker (150 rpm) for 48 h. After this enrichment, suspensions in physiological saline were used to inoculate duplicate modified Wickerham agar (supplemented with 100 mg/L chloramphenicol) and modified Sabouraud dextrose agar plates with yeast and fungi, respectively. All media were modified by using filtered seawater instead of distilled water to dissolve all ingredients. The plates were