Trait Anxiety And ERP Analysis

What is an anxiety disorder?- Anxiety is “a mental health disorder characterized by feelings of worry or fear that are strong enough to interfere with one's daily activities...” Anxiety disorders involve more than temporary fear or worry. There are numerous disorders involving anxiety, which includes: social phobia, panic disorder, separation anxiety disorder, etc.

The test will be conducted at the 0.05 level of significance. The correlation coefficient indicates a relationship between hours of study and exam anxiety for the sample tested. The r-value of 0.5654 indicates a positive linear correlation. With a 0.05 alpha and a df of 8, the PPMC table gives a value of 0.632. The two-tailed is significant at the 0.05 level of significance and there is a positive correlation between the number of study hours and the anxiety scores of students.

The amygdala, though, is involved not just in the fear response, but in the memory of fear, as well. In one test, researchers used functional MRI scans to measure amygdala activity while showing subjects a number of frightening and neutral images. They found that the degree of amygdala activity was a good predictor of both fear level (as reported by the subject) and of the ability several weeks later to recall having seen the image (1).

First some background, I am a Marine Corps Veteran. I got out because of medical reasons. I have also been diagnosed with PTSD. I have never been in combat, but I experienced an event in combat training while I was sleeping. This event is considered hazing and it was done to me by my own unit. Since this event, I have always had trouble with sleeping, staying asleep, and nightmares.

Many people have anxiety. Anxiety disorders are the most common of all mental disorders. There are many different types of anxiety: Generalized, Panic, Social Phobia, Obsessive Compulsive, Post-Traumatic, and Acute Stress. When facing a problem like this, first, we must understand the repressed feeling. Any of these types of anxiety can destroy any thought of preforming an action properly, speaking in public, a deadline, or running into someone. These actions may seem simple, but have a major impact on a person. Experiences of anxiety can come in many ways. When trying to overcome anxiety, we need to decide the cause, when the origin is known, the preparation can begin. I chose to refurbish a AR-15, and to fire the

Stress and anxiety management is a vital necessity for most university students. Luckily, for Rockhurst nursing students, we are provided with tips to building our own anxiety toolkit to help us manage our stress effectively. The stress toolkit provided us with a variety of resources to help us cope with critical stress manageably. In addition to coping with the stresses, we must first identify the major stresses in our everyday lives. Two major stresses in my life currently include; finding a balance between school, family, and desired activities, and the dreaded school work itself. However, the stress management and anxiety toolkit can benefit me through coping strategies to overcome these stresses in life. Strategies that I can use to aid

The definition of fear has proved to be an elusive mystery plaguing scientists. While there is much agreement as to the physiological effects of fear, the neural pathways and connections that bring upon these effects are not well understood. From the evolutionary standpoint, the theory is that fear is a neural circuit that has been designed to keep the organism alive in dangerous situations (1). How does it all work? Learning and responding to stimuli that warn of danger involves neural pathways that send information about the outside world to the amygdala, which in turn, determines the significance of the stimulus and triggers emotional responses like freezing or fleeing as well as changes

Many young adults who go into a substance abuse treatment program, will discover that they have some type of an underlying mental health issue. There are several reasons for someone to have a type of mental health issue before they start using or while they are using. Sometimes they already have been diagnosed thus the reason they use substances to replace the prescribed medications, because they don’t like the way prescription medications make them feel. Other times some of these issues develop during the time that the individual has been using substances, in response to an environmental issue, and the person does not know. Sometimes the issue is a lack of growth and development, which occurs due to substances interfering with the young person’s ability to acquire the life skills, the same as persons who do not use substances have learned. In that case, the individual will not know whatever issue exists, or how it will affect them when they stop using.

Arguably, an organism is better described as an information seeker, forming relations amongst events from information provided by a stimulus. For example, Rescorla suggests that contiguity is an insufficient example of Pavlovian Conditioning. As shown in simple CS/US parings, learning was determined by how the two stimuli differ, not in what they share, showing that contiguity is not a necessity, (Rescorla, 1988). Furthermore, systematic fear conditioning scenarios imply the base rate of US occurrence against a CS/US contiguity is also sensitive to conditioning. Evidence for this can be found in previous work that validates the current conclusion. Rescorla (1968, p. 1), argues that contingency over contiguity is an important determinant of fear conditioning, and refers to contingency as the “relative probability of occurrence of US in the presence of a CS as contrasted with its probability in the absence of CS.” Rescorla’s (1988) adaptation of these results measures asymptotic fear levels, (where each curve shows conditioning as an increasing function of the likelihood of receiving a shock during the tone), supporting the continued importance of perceived fear in associations. Furthermore, results from studies on Blocking, Conditioned Inhibition and Auto-shaping in pigeons suggest that the simplistic notion of previous theory

According to the emotional processing theory, fear is activated through associative networks that include information about the feared stimulus, escape or avoidance responses to the feared stimulus, and the meaning of the fear (e.g., threat or danger). Fear becomes problematic when it is intense to a degree that it gets in the way of functioning, or when it persists even when there are no clear indications of danger. In these instances, there may be maladaptive or pathological fear structures. The theory holds that chronic avoidance (e.g., escape behavior, avoidance, dissociation) often leaves these maladaptive schemas in place, as people do not remain in a situation long enough for new learning to

What makes the anxiety vary from fear is that it is not focused on a specific event or object, and the person is not aware of the cause of unpleasant emotions. Depressing feeling, mood state, helplessness, hopelessness, followed by feelings of guilt, sadness, inadequacy is also affective reactions. Similarly anxiety that is experienced as a feeling of fear, but without an objective danger, depression is most easily be understood as a feeling of sadness, grief, for no apparent reason.

Understanding the Anxious Mind is an article that immediately stood out to me as I scrolled through the readings as it truly sheds light on a very important topic, personally, that was presented in class, and that is the possibility that anxiety might in fact be unavoidable and predisposed in certain individuals. In this article we are introduced to Jerome Kagan, a psychology professor at the Harvard school conducting a longitudinal study on temperament and its effects over time; his test subjects being no more than a child of four months at the start of the study in order to avoid the possibility of outside factors affecting results. Although the professor attempted the same study on 19 babies, 18 were seemingly unaffected by the stimuli presented

Sixteen right-handed college students were shown paragraphs that violated expectancy for subsequent reason: “I like my coffee with cream and dog”, while being recorded by the EMG. The results of the study reveal some very interesting data. While expectancy violations did generate a larger response in the ERPs than expectancy consistent actions, it was only by a small margin, indicating that the effect is incredibly quick. Negative behaviors did indeed generate greater ERPs than did positive ones. Nonetheless, the researchers noted that both positive and negative valences are processed in

Anxiety is a multidimensional in two separate ways. One is a trait component and the second is a state component. The difference between the two is the trait component is more of a personality disposition while state component is more towards a specific situation response. State anxiety is an immediate emotional state that can be classified by different emotional factors like apprehension, fear, tension and physiological arousal. On the other hand, trait anxiety is a predisposition to perceive certain environmental factors as threatening and in response will react with a heightened state anxiety.

Anxiety is defined as the uncertainty of how to cope with stress. This involves one feeling that she or he does not have the ability to deal with stress. (Worchel and Goethals 1989))