Trans Pacific Partnership : Intellectual Property Provisions Affect The Privacy Of The Internet

An Introduction to the Law and Economics of Intellectual Property Author(s): Stanley M. Besen and Leo J. Raskind Reviewed work(s): Source: The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 5, No. 1 (Winter, 1991), pp. 3-27 Published by: American Economic Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1942699 . Accessed: 24/11/2011 08:39

reaction should be precise and undemanding. TPP is not a general or an undersized trade contract, it maintains a vast amount of significance and benefits to the countries implicated. The agreement should possess equal advantage to all the associated countries in satisfying their internal domestic policies. For instance, the TPP consists of agreements which develops the precision of regulatory upbringing for small and average businesses to function across the area. The discrepancy is a prompt that the trade agreement is multifaceted and is also a motivation. Apart from other agreements the TPP is shaped to lower import tax and quotas, and to even out legal and regulatory principles in areas like the environment, intellectual possessions, employment civil rights and state-owned

Intellectual property is a broad term that is used to refer to the rights that the owner of an invention or an artwork enjoys. An example of intellectual property law is the Trade Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs), which gives individual rights such as patent, designs, and trademark. Intellectual property is contained in the Article 2(viii) of the convention, which led the establishment of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). Literary works, inventions, discoveries, trademarks, and industrial designs are among the rights that are provided in WIPO. Intellectual property in Australia has a strong judicial support.

Congress as a bill in January, 2003 (see H.R. 69).  Even though OPPA is just proposed legislation at this point, it encompasses most of the necessary components for comprehensive protection of privacy online called for by privacy advocates and entities such as the FTC. It is also consistent with the Fair Information Practices (FIP) [9], which have operated as a guide for policy makers in the U.S. If the U.S. does indeed enact comprehensive online privacy legislation, it will most likely continue to use the FIPs as a guide and therefore, will closely resemble OPPA.   The results presented herein will benefit managers and website designers of companies involved in international business, as well as policy makers.

Jain, S. C., & Bird, R. (2008). The Global Challenge of Intellectual Property Rights. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.

This paper will discuss the protection of intellectual property. It will tell how intellectual property is protected and why it is important to protect. It will also discuss ethical issues that arise in dealing with protecting intellectual property and whether or not protections can go" too far".

Everywhere we look there is intellectual property. Intellectual property relates to intangible property such as patents, trademarks, copyrights, and trade secrets” (USLegal, n.d.). With all of the intellectual property readily available, online and in print there is no wonder that we as a society have an issue with safe guarding our own intellectual property. In order to protect our intellectual property there have been many laws and or rules established to govern how we handle and safeguard this type of property. These laws are found at both state and federal levels and are different between states. In a similar fashion, laws vary between countries as well.

All over the world, there is an international debate going on to build some standards to exchange data among nations on both sides of the pacific. Technology lovers are still worried about what this law will mean for digital copyrights laws both in the United States and globally. The TPP circle includes 9 countries, including the United States, Canada, Malaysia etc. The US intellectual property standards can be expanded to other counties via TPP agreement.

Many Americans today rely on the Internet for two main reasons: information and connectivity. Some may consider it as the biggest library available because of the endless information it can provide. It further enhanced people’s knowledge of what’s going on all around the globe and has been proved to be a very powerful tool that is available for anyone to use. Communication improved not just here in the United States of America, but also in other countries thanks to social media. Despite of all this, there is still an evident problem for American citizens when it comes to Internet Regulation. There’s an apparent government intervention when it comes to regulating the Internet. Under net neutrality, companies shouldn’t restrict what and how

The World Intellectual Property Organization (n.d.) helps one understand the importance of protecting intellectual property. They have spelled out several reasons of this importance including inventing new works in technology and culture, which allows progress to be made that, can be utilized worldwide. In addition, the legal protection of intellectual property encourages the commitment of additional resources for further modernization. Finally, promoting and protecting intellectual property encourages economic growth. It creates new jobs and industries. Protecting intellectual property also enhances the quality and

Intellectual property represents ideas created by minds of humans that require certain rights for their use. Intellectual property gives companies a competitive advantage and attracts the attention of other business partners and investors (Lee, 2016). With such importance, it is necessary for the law to protect these ideas from being used by unauthorized individuals. To shield from this, trade secrets, patents, and copyrights are used to protect the ownership of intellectual property (Legal Information Institute).

Chapter eight of Ethics and Technology: Controversies, Questions, and Strategies for Ethical Computing by Herman T. Tavani is about intellectual property disputes. Tavani defines intellectual property as an intangible form of property that is protected by a system of laws through which authors and inventors are given ownership rights over their creative works and inventions. There are four legal frameworks for protecting intellectual property. The first of these is copyright laws. Copyright laws protect authors. An author can also be an individual or an entity such as an organization or corporation. The first United States copyright law was created in 1790 and protected books, maps, and charts. As newer forms of media were developed, copy right protection has extended to them also. In 1980 copyright laws were amended to include computers, programs and databases that exhibit authorship. In order for something to be protected with copyright laws it must be original, nonfunctional, and also fixed in a tangible medium. The second legal framework is patents which protects individuals who create an invention or process. Patent laws require that inventions be useful, novel, and nonobvious. The third legal framework is trademarks. A trademark is a word, name, phrase or symbol that identifies a product or service. To qualify for a trademark the mark should be distinctive. The last legal framework for protection is a trade secret. A trade secret is highly valuable

Countries of the global economy conduct interlocked business among others, and they do it on scales massive enough to create co-dependencies in so many different ways. It’s a small world that’s too big to fail, and the internet is making it even smaller. The transatlantic (across the Atlantic Ocean) economy, functioning only in the most ideal way, is to help create mutual job growth and increased productivity between the US and Europe. Now the very substantial digital aspect of this economic relationship has been compromised by a recent and serious disagreement. Many articles have already reported the Court Justice of the European Union’s (or CJEU, it’s the highest court of the European Union) ruling to discard the US-EU “Safe Harbor” process (I use the article by “PC world,” bibliography below). In order to understand the significance of “Safe Harbor,” the incentives for its development have to be examined first.

The increasing acceptance of the intellectual property laws by the public culture is somehow related to the ideals of property, control and fear that the benefits from resources out of control may not be significant.

The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is an economic free trade agreement currently being negotiated between New Zealand and 11 other Pacific Rim nations (Wyber & Perry, 2013). It seeks to reduce trade restrictions including tariffs, create shared guidelines for intellectual property rights, sanction codes for environmental and labour regulations, and create an investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) system (Fergusson, McMinimy & Williams, 2015). The implications of the TPP are immense, encompassing nearly 40% of global gross domestic product (GDP), with the potential to affect various aspects of a nations’ domestic policy environment (Wyber & Perry, 2013). On-going formal mediations have taken place since 2008; however public interest in the ramifications of the agreement has increased as negotiations have proceeded (Wyber & Perry, 2013). This is likely a result of its growing media coverage, which has raised public awareness to the issue. The private nature of TPP negotiations has evoked widespread controversy and debate throughout the media (Jairath, Johnstone & Moore, 2015). While confidentiality amid trade agreements is common, some consider that the TPP has been concealed in specific secrecy, giving more influential power to industries involved (Wyber & Perry, 2013).