Trans-Theoretical Model Of Motivation In Sport

Prochaska & DiClemente’s (1984) research suggests the Prochaska & DiClemente’s model of change is effective and has an impact in health promotion. The Prochaska & DiClemente’s model of change is becoming a more popular and widely used resource for health promotion; this is because it can be applied with a number of addictive behaviours such as smoking, drug use and alcohol abuse (Whitelaw, et al, 2000). The Prochaska & DiClemente’s model of change has six stages these include, Pre contemplation this is when the patient is not seriously considering change, Contemplation This is when the patient is thinking about change, Preparation when the

The Transtheoretical is a theoretical model of behavior change that integrates model of key concepts from other theories. This model is widely used by professionals to effectively promote health behavior change. This model describes how an individual modifies a certain behavior – such as smoking. TTM uses the stages of change as the central concept that integrates the most powerful principles and processes of change from leading theories of counseling and behavior change. The stages of change are pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination. Studies related to change have found that individuals go through series of stages when modifying behavior. Processes of change work

Motivation in sports is why people do what they do. It is also the direction and intensity of one’s effort and determination to achieve. The more motivated one is, the more likely one is to succeed.

The Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (TTM) was created by Prochaska and DiClemente. It is based on “(1) the stages of change, (2) the decisional balance scale, (3) the strong and weak principle, (4) self-efficacy, and (5) the processes of change” (Kelly, 2008, p. 149). A person’s progression through the stages depends on their perception of the advantages of adopting a healthy lifestyle (Kelly, 2008).

Another model, Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change is a biopsychosocial model that suggests six stages of behavior change. The stages included in this model are pre-contemplation, contemplation, determination/preparation, action, maintenance, and relapse of batterers. This model is usually used to help individuals overcome addictive behaviors. The first stage, pre-contemplation, is the stage in which batterers cannot admit their problem when it comes to violence. Batterers will claim their actions are against their partner was a normal reaction. (Alexander & Morris, 2008; Popescu et al., 2009). In the second stage, contemplation, individuals slowly arrive at the conclusion that they have a problem and reflect the benefits to changing their actions. Determination/preparation is the stage in which individuals determine how they will approach solving the issue or decide on the best course of action. The action stage is when the individuals are heavily involved in the changing process. The final stage of the trans-theoretical model is maintenance, which is when the individual is tries to prevent reverting back to their previous behaviors. Individuals must try to sustain all of the advancements and change they have made to their behaviors throughout the process (Popescu et al.,

When studying exercise behavior it is important to realize the steps within the TTM to better understanding how individuals become interested and continue to make a life style that involves normal exercise. Individuals start with no desire to exercise at all then something makes them start thinking about working out. Which leads to the individual feeling motivated to start to plan to exercise. Once they start it will led to the individual to being able to reach the recommended levels of exercise for health and fitness. After six months the individual will continue to exercise and they will work on maintaining a new life style that includes

The third stage in the change model is called preparation stage. In this stage people are ready to take action or have already taken action to a healthier lifestyle, if they have not already underway with this stage yet they are ready to begin within the next thirty days. Some things in this stage that people can do are enroll themselves in a educational class, have an appointment set with an physician or counselor, or purchased a self-help book to contribute their start to their healthier lifestyle. The people begin to take tiny steps towards their upgraded lifestyle or behavior transformation, they start altering their behaviors to indicate a healthier

A new year, a fresh start, an opportunity to overhaul the habits we fall into. Year after year, folks reevaluate their lives and desire a change in how they about their day. Some decide to change their diets and eat healthier, while others decide make it to gym more frequently. Whatever the person’s attempted alteration may be, the common theme that everyone experiences a process of change. Along with this attempt at change, individuals making the change will often be challenged to return back to old habits. Although persistence shines for some, others will fall back into old habits once they experience the trade-off to abandoning a habit. Simply denoted as behavioral change, this process by which an individual

The transtheoretical model helps explain the patient’s behavior change related to the health aspects. As per this change agent, the patient’s purposeful behavior change consists of the cognitive and the performance-based elements. The five stages of the model are precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and the maintenance stage (Virginia Tech Continuing & Professional Education, n.d.).

PPB. I decided this model is the most applicable and relatable to Mr. PPB’s two main obstacles, which are inactivity and unhealthy food choices. Ruggiero (2000) declared that TTM is being used in application of diabetic care since 1993.In addition, it is based on a premise that people are at different stages of motivational readiness for engaging in health behaviors and intervention approaches are most useful when they are matched to a person 's current stage of change. It was also mentioned that a linear process is not expected as people may move forward and backward multiple times before changing for good. As Marshall and Biddle (2001) further emphasized that TTM is a dynamic rather than an “ all or nothing” phenomenon where evidence implied that individuals attempting to change their physical activity behavior move through a series of stages.

There are essentially five steps in the model. The first stage in the process is the pre-contemplation phase. According to Prochaska (2008), at this initial period, the diabetes patient is not even considering the behaviors that affect them. The patients would love to hold on to their current behavioral trends. The second phase is the contemplation phase in which the concerned party is ambivalent about changing. The patient at this particular period seems to be weighing benefit versus costs associated with a change in behavior. The third phase can be termed to be the phase at which the readiness to change manifests. At the preparation phase, the affected individual is willing to experiment with small changes in behavior. For example, a diabetic person who is affected by the night-eating syndrome may try reducing the portions of glucose related foods that they consume before retiring to bed. The fourth phase is the action phase in which the patient takes a definitive action towards changing their current behaviors. The fourth stage can be said to be the turning point in the Transtheoretical Model (Johnson et.al 2008). The final step in the model is the maintenance and relapse prevention phase. At this last stage, the individual strives to maintain new behaviors over the long

I really like how you raise the point, “It is much harder to change a behavior than to never begin it in the first place”. Making healthy changes is easier said than done, even when the individual is strongly motivated, adopting a new, healthy habit or breaking an old, unhealthy habit can be to a great degree troublesome. As indicated by the transtheoretical model (TTM) on page 370, “we may not proceed directly from thinking about a problem to changing our behavior”. The change typically involves precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. The idea is that individuals begin with one stage, then onto the following. Each stage serves as preparation for the subsequent stage, therefore quickly going through

As such, smoking cessation programs should not only employ a combination of psycho-educational, behavioural, and social learning strategies, but also be thought of as process of behaviour change that occurs in consecutive stages (Stiefel, 2006). Therefore, smoking cessation programs ought to rely on the Stages of Change Model as it does just that. Formulated by Prochaska and Di Clemente originally for smoking cessation, the Stages of Change Model is an integrative model that provides a descriptive account of the processes of intentional behaviour change unfolding over time based on the individual’s readiness of change and proposes that individuals move through five stages commencing in pre-contemplation, progressing to contemplation, then to preparation, action, and, ultimately, maintenance (Warwick-Booth et al., 2012). Though progression through the Stages of Change can transpire in a linear manner, a nonlinear progression is common. Often, individuals linger in a particular stage or regress to former stages from later ones. The main assumption undermining the Stages of Change Model is that a person’s behaviour and choices are contingent on where the individual stands in the stages of behaviour change. In other words, the clinician examines the smoker’s readiness for change and guides him or her through the stages accordingly, instead of expecting a behaviour change based irrelevant factors like the amount of meetings attended in a certain time frame. In the pre-contemplation stage individuals are unaware of the problems with smoking. They are seen as resistant or unmotivated, and tend to avoid information, discussion, or thought with regards to quitting smoking because they have no interest in doing so. In the contemplation stage, the individual has not stopped smoking, but is seriously considering it. They

Motivation is an important factor in any kind of behaviour change. However, when it comes to sport specific, performance related goal, it plays a huge part whether people will achieve their goal or not. SDT is a great theory to apply to find out where the client’s motivation is coming from and the aim is reach the integration stage of extrinsic motivation. We believe being purely intrinsically motivated is very rare especially in a world where competition and acceptance by others has a huge effect on people’s behaviour.

Out of the many theories,only some have been mentioned below which are cognitive and non