Transdermal Patch

Anne is currently taking paracetamol for the pain in her wrist, within healthcare analgesia should always be monitored to assess whether it is achieving elimination of pain and should be adapted to the individual patient (Vargas-Schaffer, 2010). If paracetamol were not effective in eliminating Anne’s pain then practitioners should consider a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication [NSAIDS] or a mild opioid medication such as codeine as the next step (Vargas-Schaffer, 2010). However as Anne is asthmatic NSAID medication should be used with caution due to the risk of increased frequency of asthma attacks and breathlessness (Joint Formulary Committee, 2015); if Anne has taken NSAIDS before with no issue then this would be the next choice of analgesia followed by codeine if combined paracetamol and NSAID did not prove effective (Vargas-Schaffer,

5. Start triamcinolone 0.1% ointment b.i.d. to t.i.d. p.r.n. resistant itching over his legs, back, and arms avoiding the groin, feet, and face. Please give the patient 60 g tubes and allow him to use it p.r.n. for 2-3 months for itching.

*Subcutaneous injection administration – With this injection, the medicine is administered directly under the skin. A common example of a medicine administered via this route is insulin. Medicines are injected in the fat layer beneath the skin.

Topical medications come in the form of creams and gels and are applied directly to the skin surface usually to treat skin conditions.

Administer Dilaudid 1.5 tab for pain as per physician order. Apply voltaren gel 1% 2 gram transdermal (Diclofenac Sodium) for pain as per physician order……………………………………………………………..….L.Gotora PNS2/WATC

Regarding Pennsaid 2% 3.8 fluid ounces 1 pump with no refill, ODG states that Pennsaid (diclofenac topical solution 1.5% containing 45.5% dimithyl sulfoxide) is FDA-approved for osteoarthritis of the knee. However, ODG then goes on to state that Pennsaid is not recommended as a first-line treatment; topical diclofenac is recommended for osteoarthritis after failure of an oral NSAID or contraindications to oral NSAIDs, and after considering the increased risk profile with diclofenac, including topical formulations. This is a chronic pain patient and it is noted that the patient has contraindication to oral NSAIDs, due to history of gastric bypass. However, there is no evidence that the patient’s complaints are osteoarthritic in nature. In addition, imaging reports were not provided. 12/15/15 notice of certification by Arissa indicated that Vicodin was approved. The latest progress note also mentioned that the patient is currently on Voltaren gel for pain control. It

According to John Hopkins Medicine (n.d.), pain is an uncomfortable feeling that tells you something may be wrong. It can be fixed, throbbing, stabbing, aching, pinching, or described in many other ways. Pain is categorized as either acute or chronic. Acute pain is usually severe and brief, and is often a signal that your body has been injured. Chronic pain can vary from mild to severe and is there for long periods of time (John Hopkins Medicine, n.d). This paper will discuss a scenario that entails which person is experiencing the most pain, how two people can have the same procedure experience different levels of pain, factors that contribute to each person’s pain level, and two complementary/alternative methods of pain control.

In the research article “Effect of nonsurgical periodontal treatment in conjunction with either systemic administration of amoxicillin and metronidazole or additional photodynamic therapy on the concentration of matrix metalloprotrinases 8 and 9 in gingival crevicular fluid in patient 's with aggressive periodontitis,” is used to

Use of antibiotics in the third molar surgery is highly disputed and by many considered to be controversial because of the development of resistant bacterial strains and possible systemic side effects, such as hypersensitivity and unnecessary destruction of host flora. The main debate was regarding the use of different antibiotics, the administration regimen (preoperatively and/or post operatively), administration routes (oral/ intravenous). A lot of studies have been conducted on the same and despite of the entire subject still remains controversial. Three different approaches have been compared with either placebo or with control groups. The first approach includes the pre operative administration of antibiotic as a single dose or multiple

Apical periodontitis occurring after Root Canal Treatment presents a more complex etiologic & therapeutic situation than Primary Apical Periodontitis. There is a universal consensus that intra-radicular infection is an essential cause of primary as well as a major contributor of post treatment apical periodontitis. Enterococcus faecalis is the most commonly implicated microorganism in asymptomatic persistent infections1,2.

3Transdermal delivery of fentanyl has a variety of advantages compared to other delivery systems. Unlike oral administration, transdermal fentanyl avoids first–pass hepatic effect of the liver, which can prematurely metabolize drugs. In comparison with oral opioids, transdermal fentanyl has a lower incidence and impact of adverse effects such as constipation and vomiting, it also enhances patience compliance (as administration is every 72 hours). Transdermal delivery of fentanyl is also more convenient in comparison to hypodermic injection which can be very painful but also exert dangerous medical waste and increase disease transmission with the re use of needles (which is very common in developing countries).

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with either actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage. Pain during periodontal therapy is one of the factor that could forbid the patient from seeking further periodontal treatment. Hence pain management is necessary for the periodontist in enhancing the success of the periodontal therapy. Controlling pain is an important outcome measure for successful periodontal therapy and patient recall. The most common and easy method for pain control during nonsurgical periodontal therapy is use of topical anaesthetics, out of which EMLA is one of them, which is a mixture of equal quantities of lidocaine and prilocaine.

Since Diclofenac is an organic acid it means that it would be lipophilic and its salt derivative would be water soluble at neutral pH. These two key properties allow Diclofenac to penetrate into the cell membrane of the affected area. (8) Coupled with its strong inhibition of PGE2 synthesis it would have potent anti-inflammatory action when applied topically. In a comparative

Dermal Fillers New Jersey has seen an increased use amongst people as their accessibility and availability increases. Fortunately, dermatologists have been skilled to provide the required service in this field. Dermal fillers provide immediate correction of scars and wrinkles. It's an effective treatment with proven results.

Intramuscular injection is used for the delivery of certain drugs not recommended for other routes of administration, for instance intravenous, oral, or subcutaneous. The intramuscular route offers a faster rate of absorption than the subcutaneous route, and muscle tissue can often hold a larger volume of fluid without discomfort. In contrast, medication injected into muscle tissues is absorbed less rapidly and takes effect more slowly that medication that is injected intravenously. This is favorable