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Transfusion Cost

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Stokes et al. BMC Health Services Research 2011, 11:135 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6963/11/135 RESEARCH ARTICLE

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Impact of bleeding-related complications and/or blood product transfusions on hospital costs in inpatient surgical patients
Michael E Stokes1*, Xin Ye2, Manan Shah3, Katie Mercaldi4, Matthew W Reynolds4, Marcia FT Rupnow2 and
Jeffrey Hammond2

Abstract
Background: Inadequate surgical hemostasis may lead to transfusion and/or other bleeding-related complications.
This study examines the incidence and costs of bleeding-related complications and/or blood product transfusions occurring as a consequence of surgery in various inpatient surgical cohorts.
Methods: A retrospective analysis was …show more content…

Bleeding complications may also occur from percutaneous procedures that are not considered surgical [5]. Approximately 7% of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) performed emergently in patients with acute coronary syndrome result in major bleeding
[6]. As with procedures classified as surgical, severe bleeding from PCI has also been linked to significant increases in morbidity and mortality [7].
Blood transfusions, which can be planned/expected or unexpected, and reoperations are used to control bleeding and avert deaths. These procedures are often costly and require large amounts of clinical and staff resources
[1]. Blood transfusions are not without considerable risks including nosocomial infection [8,9], immunosuppression [10], transfusion-related acute lung injury [11], and even death [12,13]. These complications may add additional costs to the hospitalization and even postdischarge medical care [1].
The purpose of this study was to estimate the economic burden associated with bleeding-related complications and/or transfusions occurring as a consequence of surgery in eight inpatient surgical cohorts, including cardiac, vascular, non-cardiac thoracic, solid organ, general surgery, knee/hip replacement, reproductive organ, and spinal surgery. These procedures represent the majority of all inpatient surgical procedures performed in the United
States (US)[14], and

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