Transgenic Animals And Its Effects On Human Health Essay

Around the world, millions of scientists conduct their studies by testing their research on animals. Many people believe that experimenting on animals is crucial to the advancement of medical discoveries. Studies show however, that animal experimentation is brutal and unnecessary. There are alternatives though: “replacement, reduction, and refinement” (Howard 2).

This is useful because it can reduce the time needed to make transgenic animal models and the results would be a population of genetically identical for animal study. A transgenic animal model is a cloned animal. Another thing is that it can revive endangered and extinct animals this is good because you can learn more about these animals and take test on them to find out important and useful information. You can also clone livestock, some cloned cows can produce twice as much milk as regular cows. Our last supporting statement is that scientist can clone stem cells. Cloning stem cells can possibly grow new whole organs and can help researchers find treatments and cures for diseases. Now let's get more into our first

Biotechnological techniques and applications have been developed that allow humans to take more specific and extensive control of breeding to produce novel and transgenic organisms. These new techniques are enabling humans to select embryos that have desirable alleles for use in breeding programmes and to clone whole organisms that

Countless medical advances have been made as a direct result of animal testing. Cures and preventions of diseases have been discovered and tested for safety by using animals. Vaccines have also been created for various reasons such as influenza, rabies, tetanus, infectious

A genetically engineered animal is one that contains altered genetic material to give the animal new traits or characteristics. There are many animals that have been genetically modified for example, mice, pigs, cows and sheep are just a few of the animals they experiment on. Most genetic engineering is directed toward providing more benefits to our society which can be ethically contentious. In reproductive cloning (animal cloning) researchers remove a mature skin cell from the animal that they want to copy then, they transfer it into a egg that has removed its DNA-containing nucleus. The clones are superior breeding animals that will produce healthier offspring. There is both upsides and downsides to genetic engineering and animal cloning. In the United States animal cloning is regulated by the FDA or, Food and Drug Administration and for the most part is not considered to be illegal. There are also close to no laws regulating genetic engineering in animals in the United States.

Social: There should be some sort of legal control/law that need to be placed on the company/group of scientists, so that in the event of an unforeseen consequence during the gene manipulation process such as mutations/diseases which is uncontrollable, they may be held liable. This would ensure society that they are trying to do the process properly and not follow any shortcuts. Furthermore, a review of the genetically modified product should be in place before it can be handled or distributed anywhere outside of the laboratory, again ensuring society that the transgenic mammals will do no harm.

Scientists can use viruses for delivering genes into your body. They disable the part of the virus that makes you sick and replace it with the healthy gene which then gets delivered to where it needs to go. (Ron Fridell, 12/1/09, p.30) Scientists have genetically modified animals as well in many ways which help produce a lot more food. Catfish have been modified so they grow all year round instead of just in the summer. By this happening farmers can breed and sell more catfish in a shorter amount of time. (Ron Fridell, 12/1/09, p.21). Also salmon have been engineered so they grow a lot larger than normal to provide more meat. These transgenic salmon create a lot more meat in the time normal salmon create less meat. Also there are cows that have been engineered so that they make several different kinds of milk. They can produce milk that is more easily digested by people who are lactose intolerant and milk with a longer shelf life. Also scientists can engineer cows that produce milk with a lower amount of fat so that it makes better cheese. This helps provide more food because people who where not previously able to drink milk now can and it also lasts longer as it will not spoil as quickly as normal milk. (http://www.geneticsandsociety.org/article. php?id=386, 12/1/09). Scientists have also found a way to save money and protect crops at the same time. Because pesticides cost a lot to buy and it takes time to spray the

There is another way where a piece of a specimen is placed in a vector in which it will copy itself(DNA Cloning). Through this process, the animal that you are cloning is harmed and in the end it might not even work considering a success rate at 5%(End Animal Cloning). With this information, I don’t believe that animals should have to suffer to have a slim chance to make a small innovation for the future.

Genetic engineering techniques have been applied to various industries, with some success. Medicines such as insulin and human growth hormone are now produced in bacteria, experimental mice such as the oncomouse and the knockout mouse are being used for research purposes and insect resistant and/or herbicide tolerant crops have been commercialized. Plants that contain drugs and vaccines, animals with beneficial proteins in their milk and stress tolerant crops are currently being developed

Analyse information from secondary sources to identify examples of the use of transgenic species and use available evidence to debate the ethical issues arising from the development and use of transgenic species.

He also claimed that such insulin was much the same as human insulin structure with a few difference(Russo&cove,1998:94).Although, its significant convention, but it still has it draw backs in the mechanism of purifying insulin which was moderate and expensive (BBC,2014). Recently, scientists have developed GMI which extricated from bacteria named E.coli (Callahan: 2013) the gene for insulin discharge is curtailed from the chain of human DAN and embedded in to the DAN of the bacterium. Consequently, the cultivation of the bacteria will produce millions of bacteria which later on provide artificially human insulin (BBC, 2014). According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) (2014) claimed that the insulin which is provided from bacteria is numerous and inexpensive. On the other hand, as assert by the Society for Diabetics Rights that various numbers of people received a negative responses when conducting to GMI (Callahan: 2013).

Transgenic animals have foreign genes, just like plants but different, in order to introduce the animals to new characteristics that are in the gene given. Animals are more reasonable to be giving these new genes, because this can help mankind. Most likely transgenic animals are created to help derive appropriate ideas into developing drugs that are helpful for humans. The idea is that animals, such as monkeys, that are closely related to humans sharing 99.9% of their genes with humans, when showing one result will most likely show in humans as well. An example of altering an animal is in 1997, a sheep that was cloned. The sheep was cloned in a test tube where when it was an embryo, delivered and transferred into a surrogate mother. It was

The parade of genetically engineered marvels, during the past recent years, has been shocking: “Flavr-Savr” tomatoes that stay fresher longer; “giant salmon” that grow 37 times faster than the normal fish; “transgenic” pigs that are injected with human genes which causes them to produce milk with human protein that prevents blood clotting; and “supermice” injected with rat growth genes which makes them grow twice their normal size, are just a few.

A better knowledge of these impacts can be obtained by discussing the good and bad of animal cloning. One application of the cloning technique is by cloning genetically modified animals, so that their cells and organs can be transplanted into humans. Thousands of patients die as a result of the unavailability of human organs for transplantations and this cloning technique could potentially be a solution within the medical

Using animals for experiments and tests can be more useful than using lab tools and chemicals for many reasons. Using animals can actually show you what could happen to humans, but when just using lab tools the scientists can’t actually see what problems the humans could face. Using animals can also be useful when you do not know what kind of chemical you are looking for. The changes in the gene expression patterns give clues about what kind of chemical is used.