For centuries, rice has been one of the most important staple crops for the world and it now currently feeds more than two billion people, mostly living in developing countries. Rice is the major food source of Japan and China and it enjoys a long history of use in both cultures. In 1994, worldwide rice production peaked at 530 million metric tons. Yet, more than 200 million tons of rice are lost each year to biotic stresses such as disease and insect infestation. This extreme loss of crop is estimated to cost at least several billion dollars per year and heavy losses often leave third world countries desperate for their staple food.
Therefore, measures must be taken to decrease the amount of crop loss and
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This was useful for delivering the protein inhibitor to insects which eat plant material. The selectable marker in this trial was the bacterial phosphinothricin acetyl transferase gene (bar) which was linked to the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. Next the plasmid pTW was injected into cell cultures of Japonica rice using the
BiolisticTM particle delivery system. The BiolisticTM system proceeds as follows: Immature embryos and embryonic calli of six rice materials were bombarded with tungsten particles coated with DNA of two plasmids containing the appropriate genes. The plant materials showed high frequency of expression of genes when stained with X-Gluc. The number of blue or transgenic units was approximately 1,000.
After one week, the transgenic cells were transferred onto selection medium containing hygromycin
B. After two weeks, fresh cell cultures could be seen on bombarded tissue. Some cultures were white and some cultures were blue.
Isolated cell cultures were further selected on hygromycin resistance. However, no control plant survived.
Then twenty plates of cells were bombarded with the PINII gene, from which over two hundred plants were regenerated and grown in a greenhouse. After their growth, they were tested for PINII gene using
DNA blot hybridization and 73% of the plants were found to be transgenic.
DNA blot hybridization is the process by which DNA from each sample was digested by a
own. Japan grew their own rice, but they traded with China a lot during the Tang Dynasty.
China and Japan are too enormous and influential nations located in Eastern Asia. These two nations are almost always confused because of their similar culture and people, and they also happen to be right next to each other. Japan and China have never been allies and the two countries always seem to be in conflict. These two superpowers are very important to the world, and without them everything would be imbalanced in the global market. The rising superpower, China, is a nation that will continue to grow and improve their economy, while the fragile superpower, Japan, could fall apart at any moment and ruin the balance between all of the other countries.
To conclude, our current way of agricultural life is not sustainable. The article “What’s for supper” has made me realize that if I hope for a better future for generations to come I should support a locally sourced lifestyle. This article is an eye opener to me and proved to me the importance of supporting locally grown produce. Locally grown produce supports the environment as well as jobs for people in the community. The current system takes a toll on every species on the planet. Humans are overproducing on a massive scale and are wasting close to half of our supplies and
Japan est. large-scale agri. Experts in iron-working. Obeyed the law, drank, & practiced social diffs.
Just as the British did, Japan had a period of expansion. The difference was, japan only went into Asian countries like Korea, Manchuria, China and Russia (Doc. 9). Japan was in need of raw materials to move their industrialization forward. According to William Beasley, “… [Japan] had become dependent on other parts of the world for markets and raw materials.” Similarly to great Brittan, the Japanese relied on other parts of the world for raw materials, as well as the fact that the position of the country was advantages to the trade industry. Japan was very dependent on its coast lines. Walter Weston explains, “The deeply indented coastline of Japan provides a number of excellent harbors on the Pacific coast, and its shores abound in fish of all kinds, the rich supplies of which have for centuries constituted one of the chief articles of food of the people (Doc. 6).” As stated earlier, the circumstances are eerily similar to those of Great
After reading through the case and the opinions of rest of the team members I believe that Ventria would be better of relocating to a smaller rice growing state. That being said there will still be some arguments against their relocations. The state government of the other state may be reluctant to accept Ventria’s proposal too. So I believe they should grow these genetically modified plants in a more contained environment. By producing the rice in a more secluded setting with access to water and enough space to setup their own sewage or wastage system will help Ventria to convince the concerned government and its adversaries that the production of genetically modified rice would not affect the production of other crops. Another argument against
The problem facing Deeter and Ventria is the opposition to the genetically engineered rice that they wish to produce. They are facing opposition from rice farmers, environmental groups and from foreign countries that purchase rice from the U.S.
Japans history dates back almost 53,000 years and is filled with interesting and fascinating events. Most of Japans actions have left the major world powers in the world stunned. The base of this amazing country is astonishing just by itself. The base is a bunch of active and large under water volcanoes. Japans uniqueness from the rest of the world ranges from its culture to its very interesting history to the change in government every few hundred years and their trading dilemma with petroleum and their assortment of fish that they export. Japan as a country is so very appealing and kind compared to the rest of the world its no wonder that it’s geographically separate from the rest of the world.
Throughout the course of East Asian history, Japan has been largely influenced by the Asian mainland. From ancient times to the medieval period, significant contributions to Japan can be seen coming from both Korea and China. Both of these countries diffused elements of their cultures to form the basis of Japanese society – namely China. These foreigners would influence various aspects of society including technology, philosophy, politics, and religion.
With China’s population currently sitting at 1.3 billion and expected to reach 1.45 billion by 2020 (Qiu 850), the country is facing an imminent food shortage crisis that demands attention. Not unexpectedly, the solution at hand is genetically modified food, specifically, GM rice. According to reports, in an effort to generate 25% more grain production to meet the increasing need, the Chinese central government is funding research into GM crops, to the tune of 25 billion yuan, or CA$4.87 billion. Additionally, the country’s provincial governments are contributing equivalent funds (850). In her article “Is China ready for GM rice?”, Jane Qiu examines the rationale behind the Chinese GM rice project, and presents her arguments against it. I would argue that genetically modified rice is not
Welcome to the age of an agricultural revolution as everyday biotechnology continues to bring innovation to human’s most basic needs – food. Food is essential to any living organism, providing energy for our production and nutrients for our protection. Without this fundamental element, life cannot exist. Our lack to produce our own energy, like plants, causes us to become dependent on others for survival. Humans existence is attributed only to the million years of evolution our food source underwent to sustain our survival. Changing the primary nature of our food source, whether it is plant or animal, directs mankind in a dangerous future if our food dependency is permanently hampered. Welcome to the age of an agricultural devolution
Japanese cuisine is an appetizing art form brought to us by an ancient food culture. Japan’s cuisine reflects their traditionally-shaped and evolutionary food culture. Normally, food in any other country is just a sustenance for the body, but in Japan there is a deeper meaning. Japanese cuisine is very authentic in terms of the type of food served and the manner of which it is served. The art has been influenced by numerous countries only to perfect their cooking style and eating habits.
Among the millions of species that inhabit the planet, only twenty species provide ninety percent of the human food supply (Montgomery 2000). Since the introduction of genetic engineering, however, livestock and crops have a more productive future. Transfer of engineered genes from organism to organism occurs through hybridization, conjugation, and transformation in microorganisms. By the substitution of genes into agricultural species, biodiversity can flourish to improve social and economic development. Although methods of gene and DNA implantation quickly develop advanced products, even precise genetic alterations do not ensure that the environment will remain balanced or that changes in
Japan is located in the Pacific Ocean in East Asia close to the Asian market. It is 378,000 square kilometres with a total population in 2010 of 127.5 million people (Globaledge, 2011a). 98% of Japan’s population is Japanese. This can be beneficial when looking to enter the new market as a majority of the country holds the same culture and beliefs. It is an attractive market for Australian producers due to their relatively high average income and significant population (Austrade, 2011a).
Production of Basmati Rice in India is about 1% of total rice production in India as per the data obtained from website of Basmati Associates