Transient Ischemic Attack Research Paper

An ischemic stroke is typically caused by a thrombosis, which is a blood clot or an embolism, when the blood clot detaches and infiltrates the blood stream.

Ischemic stroke is the blockage of blood vessels in the brain as a result of blood clots (thrombi), causing the portions of the brain nourished by the vessel and its tributaries to be starved of nutrients, poisoned, and to eventually die (“Symptoms

As mentioned above, strokes are pathophysiological changes. Ischemia which accounts for 87% of all strokes is a decrease or absent circulating blood which deprives neurons of necessary substrates. As there is no storage of glucose in the brain it leaves no opportunity for the chief ingredient for energy substrate and is incapable of anaerobic metabolism (Shah, MD, n.d.). Ischemia is a medical condition diagnosed when tissues do not have a sufficient oxygen supply, therefor resulting in a decrease in ATP energy, leading to necrosis of tissue. Decreased oxygen supply to tissue (ischemia) is caused by a blockage in an artery mainly from an embolism. An embolism is the breakage of an atherosclerosis formed in any coronary arteries. This floats freely in the blood stream, which eventually may plug a major artery in the brain (stroke), heart (MI) or lungs (lung failure). A thrombus occurs when an already

The long term effects of a stroke are different from person to person. If the right side of the brain was damaged the left side of the body will be affected and if the right side of the brain is damaged the left side of the body will be affected, also the left side damage to the brain will affect Speech, Balance, Vision and breathing ("Treatment - Stroke - Mayo Clinic," 2015). Extensive therapies are require after a stroke these are physical therapy, occupational therapy and speech therapy. There is also rehabilitation services through in home care, hospitals or skilled nursing facility’s depending on the circumstances. Counseling is available to help cope with the new changes happening to the inside and outside of the body ("Treatment - Stroke - Mayo Clinic," 2015). There are a few alternative treatments available to they are not approves by the food and drug administration ("Stroke Alternative Treatments," 2013). Some of these natural therapies would include aromatherapy, massage therapy and yoga, these help reduce stress and relax the mind and body ("Stroke Alternative Treatments," 2013). Some patients controlled their diet by taking notice of the amount of cholesterol that they were taking in from foods they were eating ("Stroke Alternative Treatments,"

It is “a sudden loss of function resulting from disruption of the blood supply to a part of a brain” (Hincle & Cheever, 2014). The type of stroke Patient S experienced was assumed to be from hyperlipidemia. An atherosclerotic plaque can form in the large blood vessels in the brain. When the plaque become big enough, it can rupture or a small bit may break off and flow into small arteries, which may block the smaller artery. If the artery is occluded, blood cannot flow to certain parts of the brain and an ischemic stroke can occur. Hypertension is a major risk for strokes as well as atrial fibrillation. These diseases increase the risk of an emboli or plaque

Adults and children are both affected by strokes. Strokes are one of the top ten causes of childhood death (Buzzard, 2013, pg. 9). Between 50 and 85 percent of children who have strokes will be affected with long-term health issues (Buzzard, 2013, pg. 9). These health issues may include learning difficulties, seizures and possible recurring strokes (Buzzard, 2013, pg. 9). Up to 20 percent of all strokes occur in people over the age of 55 years old (Buzzard, 2013, pg 7).(DeTallo, 2013)

A Transient Ischemic Attack, generally referred to as a TIA, is a type of stroke that only last a few minutes. They are sometimes called ¡§mini-strokes.¡¨ The term transient is used to describe a condition that lasts only a short amount of time. Ischemic describes an inadequate blood flow. Therefore, TIA is a deprivation of blood to the brain for a short period of time.

The goal of this project is to increase knowledge and awareness of stroke, encourage self-monitoring, and maintain healthy lifestyle changes to prevent stroke in older adults.

Each year, around 800,000 people have a new or recurrent stroke. The characteristics include face drooping or feeling numb, difficulties speaking, and muscle weakness on one side of the body. Stroke is caused from reduced or interrupted blood supply to the brain. There are ischemic strokes (thrombic and embolic strokes), hemorrhagic strokes (intracerebral hemorrage and subarachnoid hemorrhage), and transient ischemic attack (TIA).

Results from HOPE (Yusuf et al Engl J Med. 2000 Jan 20) and PROGRESS trials established that long-term management of BP (blood pressure) after stroke with ACE inhibitors (perindopril or ramipril) and diuretics (indapamide) reduces the risk of recurrent stroke (and cognitive impairment).

According to the New York Times, “Ischemic stroke accounts for about 75% of all strokes and occurs when a blood clot, or thrombus, forms that blocks blood flow to part of the brain” (The New York Times, 2015). If a blood clot forms somewhere in the body and breaks off to become free-floating, it is called an embolus (The New York Times, 2015). This wandering clot may be carried through the bloodstream to the brain where it can cause ischemic stroke. According to Community Connect to Research, a hemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel on the brain's surface ruptures and fills the space between the brain and skull with blood or when a defective artery in the brain bursts and fills the surrounding tissue with blood. Both result in a lack of blood flow to the brain and a buildup of blood that puts too much pressure on the brain (Community Connect to Research,

It is evident that Mrs. September has oropharyngeal dysphagia, resulting from a delay in initiating the oral swallow and reduced base of tongue retraction on liquids, with this causing a delayed oral onset time. It was also evident that Mrs. September has a delayed triggering of the pharyngeal swallow with reduced laryngeal elevation and anterior movement on liquids and semi-solids, resulting in aspiration on liquids. It is also evident that Mrs.

Stroke, also known as cerebrovascular accident (CVA), is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States today. In any given year, approximately 800,000 Americans will suffer a stroke, with nearly 25% dying acutely or from subsequent complications over the following 12 months. This article will describe the pathogenesis of the major types of stroke and briefly discuss some treatment options.

TIA stands for transient ischemic attack and can be classified as a “mini stroke”. TIA is similar to a stroke in that it causes the same symptoms but it does not damage the brain. TIAs happen when an artery in the brain gets clogged or closes off, and then reopens on its own (Transient Ischemic Attack). This can typically happen if a blood clot blocks the flow of blood through an artery in the brain and then dissolves or moves away. It can also happen if one of the small arteries in the brain begins to close off from the effects of high blood pressure. Whereas a cerebral infarct is brain necrosis due to complete and prolonged ischemia that affects all tissue elements, this is what is known as a full blown stroke (Transient Ischemic Attack).

Strokes are primarily classified as ischemic or hemorrhagic. Ischemic strokes are the most common (% of all strokes) and occur due to obstruction of a blood vessel supplying the brain; they can be further sub-classified as thrombotic or embolic, depending on the site of occlusion. Physiologically, ischemic stroke occurs is preceded by endothelial damage in cerebral blood vessels that causes inflammation and fatty deposit accumulation in arterial walls. Subsequently, this leads to a decrease in blood vessel diameter and vascular flow. In turn, reduced oxygen and glucose supply to brain tissue creates an ischemic core (where blood flow