Transient Marine Fungi

Annotated Bibliography Francis, W. R., Powers, M. L., & Haddock, S. H. (2016). Bioluminescence spectra from three deep-sea polychaete worms. Marine Biology, 163(12), 255. Annotation: The purpose of this experiment was to observe the light that the Tomopteris emits. They collected Tomopteris from Monterey Bay off the coast of California. They then stimulated the Tomopteris to produce light so that they could observe the light that it produced. The researchers took photos and measured the amount of light that was emitted per Tomopteris. One interesting discovery was a Tomopteris that emits a blue light which is rare since most Tomopteris emit a yellow-orange light. The researchers tried to create explanations as to why this Tomopteris emits blue light. They think that “different protein complements may be responsible for the light in different species”. However, this isn’t their only explanation for this rare blue emitting Tomopteris. The other explanation is that “this could potentially reflect different ecological roles of the two light colors”. Researchers concluded that with further testing the blue-light emitting Tomopteris may be considered a species of their own.

Identification of Unknown Organisms Benjamin Nibarger Professor Hoffman Monday 11:15 AM Group Members - Jamie Jerome, Natalie Perez, Ruth Pinzon September 27, 2014 Introduction The purpose of this study is to identify four unknown organisms. The unknown organisms have been assigned randomly to six-research groups by Professor Hoffman. Each research group was provided two eukaryotes and two prokaryotes. The unknown organisms will fall into the following classifications: bacteria, algae, fungi, or protozoans. All living organisms are organized into one of three domains of life, Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

In the last decade, the number of prescriptions for antibiotics has increases. Even though, antibiotics are helpful, an excess amount of antibiotics can be dangerous. Quite often antibiotics are wrongly prescribed to cure viruses when they are meant to target bacteria. Antibiotics are a type of medicine that is prone to kill microorganisms, or bacteria. By examining the PBS documentary Hunting the Nightmare Bacteria and the article “U.S. government taps GlaxoSmithKline for New Antibiotics” by Ben Hirschler as well as a few other articles can help depict the problem that is of doctors prescribing antibiotics wrongly or excessively, which can led to becoming harmful to the body.

Most members of the kingdom Fungi lack flagella; the structures are completely absent in all stages of their life cycle. The only

Fungi cells can spread through spores, these are tiny reproductive cells capable of travelling massive distances by wind, water or animals. There are many different types of fungi that

Station Animals and features 1 Vegetation line 2 End of vegetation line 3 Shell line, Ghost crab 4 Shells 5 Wet sand on beach surface, Ghost crab 6 7 8 Fresh water runoff, crab burrows, Ghost crab, Hermit crab. 9 10 11 12 Bivalves, hermit crabs, sand dollars, polychaete worms and gastropods. Table 2: Presence and occurrence of marine organisms in the surf zone of Pallarenda beach.

IC02 Causes and spread of infection The difference between bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites are: Viruses are coated genetic material that invade cells and use the cell's apparatus for reproduction. Bacteria are single celled organisms. Some classify them as a separate (fourth) kingdom on the tree of life. Fungi are multi-celled organisms that form

Figure 2. Sample of bacteria from figure 1 was incubated on a Ormerod’s agar plate in a gas pack for 2.5 weeks to isolate phototrophic bacteria. The isolated colonies seen in this figure, are called Rhodospirillaceae and they are why the colonies are a bright red color. The Rhodospirillaceae use the red pigment to harvest light energy.

Within each zone, alterations in physical features of the landscape can blur zonation patterns (Graham & Wilcox, 2000; Stephenson & Stephenson, 1949; 1937; Lipkin, 1971; McQuaid & Branch, 1984). Additionally, between each zone there is a “fringe” zone where species from each zone can persist in small numbers before reaching

The SEA Phage Project is a national project that keeps in account of different phage discoveries across the country. This research course for the two semester starts with digging up soil to find rare and similar phages (http://seaphages.org/). Started by the Howard Hughes Medical, it helps students get the experience

The study of two unknown microorganisms was completed by using methods taught in the microbiology laboratory. The basis of the study was identification of those two microorganisms. Identification of the microorganisms is important in many aspects of medicine. Some of these include source of infection, proper treatment, and which antibiotics

Recent research has suggested the P. marinus may be a key contributor to evolution. Since the organism is incredibly abundant, it also produces an abundant amount of oxygen. Therefore, scientists propose that it has produced much of the oxygen we currently breathe, incited the explosion of early life within our oceans, and fueled the atmosphere’s ancient rise of oxygen. Researchers have also observed that there are differing ecotypes of P. marinus. Each ecotype has a unique hue (bright green, yellow, etc..) that corresponds to its depth. This makes the microbe extremely efficient while photosynthesizing. Additionally, this microbe has the power to regulate CO₂ levels that contribute to global warming, due to its part in the carbon cycle. P. marinus is also a key factor in the ocean’s food webs. It tends to thrive in nutrient-poor regions, making it a valuable food source in the ocean’s web. P. marinus also secretes a variety of peptides that in turn cause other oceanic microbes to secrete an enzyme. This enzyme is responsible for detoxifying reactive oxygen

Through the Biology 124 Lab class on the spring 2016, my classmates, professor, and I went to Maunalua Bay for initial monitoring. I had never been there, so I surprised the difference between the real bay and what I expected. The Maunalua Bay is cleaner and more beautiful than I expected. I thought that there are more rocks, but there are more algae and sea animals than rocks. I found Asparagopsis taxiformis, Avrainvillea amadelpha, Gracilaria salicornia, shrimp, crab, and hermit crab. There are Avrainvillea amadelpha the most. I enjoyed finding many algaes and sea animals, and counting the algaes in Maunalua Bay.

Yes, mold is essential to the well being of our environment and without it, we would not have life saving antibiotics like penicillin that would exist and scrumptious soft cheeses like brie would not be here for us to spread on pieces of toasted french bread that compliment our

Objective: How to find evidence of life in deep oceanic trenches near thermal vents Introduction: Deep ocean trenches are environments that have historically been shrouded in mystery, their inaccessibility rendering such limited explorations as net dragging and dredging for samples (Lee, 2012). While potential for chemosynthesis had been proposed as long ago as 1890, it was nearly a century later before such systems were demonstrated to be active on the ocean floor (German, 2011). Further investigation has shown that ecosystems are surviving and thriving along the ocean floor within these trenches. Studies have shown that deep ocean trenches contain ecosystems that are biologically and geologically active, producing a high diversity of organisms that must withstand a variety of environmental changes (Anderson et al., 2014). Recent explorations have confirmed new forms of life in deep ocean trenches. Life discovered in such an extreme environment is call for investigation.