Infectious Disease: Influenza
The Transmission and Symptoms of the Flu, Current Treatments, and Mitigations
Influenza (Flu) viruses are usually spread by droplets through the air when people sneeze, cough, or talk. Though not as common, the virus may also be spread when a person touches a surface or object the virus is on and then touches the mouth or nose. Symptoms include fever, aches, chills, tiredness, sudden onset, coughing, sneezing and sore throat. The CDC reports that most healthy adults may be able to infect others beginning 1 day before symptoms develop and up to 5 to 7 days after becoming ill. Children may pass the virus for longer than 7 days. Symptoms start 1 to 4 days after the virus enters the body. It is possible to pass on the flu to someone else before you know you are sick, as well as while you are sick. Treatment options for the flu include prescription antiviral drugs and over the counter medications such as pain relievers and decongestants to relive symptoms. Flu shots as well as knowledge of how the flu virus is spread and preventative measures are important ways to mitigate the severity of an outbreak.
Side Effects of Treatments, Who should be Vaccinated, Who should not be Vaccinated and the Effectiveness of Vaccinations
Vaccines can be delivered through injection, with killed virus, or in the form of a nasal spray. Stoppler (2011, p. 2) reports for the 2011-2012 flu season there is a vaccine that can be injected intradermally rather
The issue regarding vaccinations and their accompanying side effects has been a prevalent debate throughout society and medicine for a number of years. Some continue to believe that vaccinations are harmful and actually promote disease, but the truth is that the concept of immunization is one of the most significant advances in scientific history that has led to the prevention of countless diseases and epidemics throughout the world. Still, despite the overall improvement of public health, the usage of vaccinations remains a controversial concern that is constantly challenged. Vaccination critics argue that the serious side effects associated with vaccines have been underreported, underfunded, and rarely researched. This, however, is
They view proteins created by infected cells, and are sent to other cells to start them making protective substances. Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a very contagious disease caused by a virus infecting many part of our bodies including the reparatory tract. The influenza virus depending on the sternness usually includes: fever, cough, sore throat, headache, stuffy and running nose, muscle soreness and fatigue. It also can include vomiting, diarrhea, and nausea.
Over 3 million US cases have occurred per year. The flu is a viral infection that can be deadly if not treated. The flu is extremely contagious, it can spread about six feet away from another person. It may be spread by coughing or sneezing, skin-to-skin contact, saliva, or touching a contaminated surface. Children, elderly people, pregnant women, and people who have chronic disease are at higher risk of becoming ill with this virus. The areas mainly affected are lungs, nose, and chest. Symptoms include fever, chills, sore throat, muscle fatigue, cough, runny nose, and headaches. Some symptoms may appear abruptly. A recommended treatment may primarily deal with the patient getting some rest. Other treatment includes drinking plenty of water; throat Lozenge would be advised for throat pain, decongestant such as Pseudoephedrine for stuffy nose, Dextromethorphan for cough, anti-inflammatory drugs like Ibuprofen for mild pain, and antiviral drug like Zanamivir to help treat type B influenza. The best way to be protected is vaccination. The vaccine is offered from September to mid-November. Getting vaccinated before the flu season helps the body develops a strong immunity from the virus. It is safe for a Pregnant woman to receive vaccination. Annual vaccination is recommended. Do not get
Influenza, also known as the flu, is a highly contagious viral disease that affects the upper respiratory tract. Flu season typically lasts between the months of October and April. Signs and symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, muscle aches, fatigue, runny nose, and headaches. Individuals that are at a high risk of getting the flu include: children under the age of two, persons 65 and older, pregnant women, and persons with a chronic illness. Environment factors can also increase the risk of contracting the flu. Complications can include pneumonia, ear and sinus infections, dehydration, or worsening of chronic medical conditions. The influenza virus could eventually lead to longer hospitalization or death if left untreated. According to the CDC, the best way to prevent the flu is by getting vaccinated each year. Compliance with the vaccination is also important in preventing the flu.
Influenza, also known as the flu, is a highly contagious viral disease that affects the upper respiratory tract. Flu season typically lasts between the months of October and April. Signs and symptoms include fever, cough, sore throat, muscle aches, fatigue, runny nose, and headaches. Individuals that are at a high risk of getting the
Over the past few decades vaccinating has become a major American controversy. Especially when it comes to the whether or not the baby and child population should be vaccinated. Many school education systems require certain vaccinations before attending the school. However, there have been various serve cases where there was a negative and life altering effect after children have been given vaccinations. Therefore the question becomes does the benefit of vaccinating out weight the consequences of not vaccinating.
This essay will attempt to investigate the employment of the 23 plus vaccinations used today and how they defend the preventions and spread of diseases. The paper will support the pros and the cons of vaccinations that are supported by research statistics as well as the different symptoms that have been reported for each available vaccine.
The flu is spread very easily and many people have contracted it before the symptoms genuinely start to be seen. On average 200,000 people are hospitalized, and
In today’s society we use many vaccines that help prevent many different diseases. Some of these are live, attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, subunit vaccines, toxoid vaccines, conjugate vaccines, DNA vaccines, recombinant vector vaccines. There are also multiple benefits of children getting there vaccinations early. There are also some downsides to vaccinations which will looked at directly as well. The importance of these vaccines are a great help and ultimately outweigh the shortcomings to this.
A. As a parent, you may not prefer seeing your baby or child being given an injection. However, vaccination is a critical venture in securing your child against a scope of genuine and possibly deadly diseases. Immunizations are brisk, safe and greatly powerful. Once your child has got vaccinated against an infection, their body can battle it all the more effectively. In the event, that a child is not vaccinated, they will have an expanded danger of getting the illness.
Also by touching something with this said influenza virus such as shaking hands with someone who has the flu and then touching or holding your mouth, nose or eyes. Viruses like the influenza can live for 2 hours or even longer on surfaces like tables, handles, and chairs.
NoV genogroup GII, particularly strains within the GII.4 lineage, have been globally identified as the predominant cause of outbreaks and sporadic cases of gastroenteritis in the last decade (67). Since the 1990’s, GII.4 strains have undergone mutations and antigenic shift leading to the emergence of novel variants every 2-3 years, that have the ability to cause global epidemics (68). This epochal style of evolution of NoV characterised by periods of stasis followed by the emergence of new variants causing worldwide epidemics is similar to that of the influenza virus (16, 69). Although, GII.4 variants were recognized as having pandemic potential from 1995 onwards, the first GII.4 strain was submitted to the GenBank database in 1974 (43).
The disease spreads when infected persons sneeze, cough or talk. A person can also get the flu by touching a surface or object that has the flu virus then touching their own mouth or nose (CDC, 2015). It is estimated that the annual flu virus infects between 10 to 20 percent of the population. (Toronto Influenza Update, 2014). Person’s sick from the flu can have symptoms such as; a high fever (38 C (100.4 F), dry cough, and aching body, feeling very weak and tired. Some people may also experience; chills; loss of appetite; sore throat; runny or stuffy nose; some people may have nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea. (CDC, 2015). The virus lowers the body ability to fight other infection. This can lead to bacterial infections such as pneumonia and even death in the elderly, children (6-59 months) and pregnant women. (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2013). In Canada, an average of 12,200 hospitalization and 3,500 deaths due to influenza occur annually (Toronto Influenza Update,
The intended purpose of this presentation is to provide facts and scientific research that persuades the audience members regarding the use of vaccinations. My intention is that the audience will support the use of vaccinations and consider the facts before making decisions that affect the entire community. My central idea is that inaccurate data exists with regards to vaccination; instead, that vaccinations should be viewed as essential for protection of society, both from extreme illness as well as life threatening, and sometimes fatal, diseases.
Influenza is one of the most contagious illnesses caused by airborne viruses. I can lead to mild or severe illness and even death. Influenza can come suddenly and is marginally different to a ‘Cold”. The virus can cause infections of the lower respiratory tract (lungs) and the upper respiratory tract (throat, nasal). Influenza is disease that may cause symptom such as the following; fever (high body temperature), sore throat, muscle or body aches, cough, Headaches, runny or stuffy nose, fatigue/tiredness (CDC, 2016). it belongs to “Orthomyxoviridae” family of infections, “myxa” meaning ‘mucus’ in Greek. There are three major types of influenza that may also be addressed as different terminologies, such as flu