Transnational Labor Of Care

The problem is accentuated by the widening of the gap between rich and poor, that can be translated in this matter as an increase of difficulty for low-income families to have access to the much more expensive high quality day care options. There are several aspects that built such a controversial situation and the most important are certainly the cultural and economical ones. The huge growth in women’s independence and professional ambition, in addition to importance, of the last decades, caused the fall of the cultural basis that have always taken for granted the responsibility of the mother as the full-time caregiver (Chisholm 38). Now women are more willing to gain a successful and respectable place in society, and this can be achieved almost exclusively through hard work and full immersion in their jobs. Simultaneously, the economical situation of our society caused many families to depend on two incomes to satisfy the basic needs. In fact, the increase in the cost of living not sufficiently balanced by a relatively smaller rise in wages, and a greater attitude toward materialism and conspicuous consumption, have given women the same financial responsibility as men (Chilman 451). This aspect can be fully applied only on families with an average income or better, because professional daycare programs are pretty expensive and in some cases can reach prices higher than the minimum wage. Those factors

In the text " Nannies, Maids, and Sex Workers in the New Economy," Barbara Ehrenreich and Arlie Russell Hochschild argue that women from third world countries have to leave their homes and go to developed countries in order to provide for their families. When these women move so far away their family bond is affected and their children miss out on the love and affection they need. These women also run the risk of getting paid little for their work, being manipulated by their bosses, and also having to become sex workers for them so they don't run the risk of losing their jobs.

Moreover, women struggles in industry has posed new questions and renamed the meaning of morality in human beings. This represent an exploration for self determination against the capitalist and agencies with power control. For instance, Malay women have migrated to the state of 20th century homelessness in order to construct substitute homes and new identity of them stated in the book.

Life on the Global Assembly Line by Barbara Ehrenreich and Annette Fuentes is an essay which describes the deplorable working and living conditions that women around the world suffer in order to earn a supposedly decent living. In their essay, Ehrenreich and Fuentes goes into detail how the female factory workers are exploited by their superiors in order to efficiently and cost effectively mass produce. I chose to present an analysis on this essay because I believe it conveys continuously unresolved issues which have plagued society throughout the centuries; I am of course referring to the conundrum of gender inequality.

The economic contribution of domestic workers goes unnoticed in the modern political economy because, domestic work is not recognized as a “real” job, plus most of these workers get pay by cash or just a personal check. I will have to say that domestic worker is one of the most hard and humiliating jobs because these domestic workers put up with a lot, first of all they don’t have any rights, they can get terminated whenever their employers want, and the horrible pay they received. It’s something that we put out of sight because we are so focus on ourselves that we forget how bad others have

This paper will refer to both domestic labor and women’s labor in similar respects, but the two are not necessarily interchangeable. The use of the phrase “domestic labor” refers to work done within the home, particularly childcare, elderly care, and the upkeep of the household. The term “women’s work” or “women’s labor” encompasses domestic labor, but not all women’s labor is necessarily domestic. In her chapter “Industrialization, Wage Labor, and the Economic Gender Gap”, Estelle Freedman describes historically feminized fields of work that include other types of labor, such as industrial work in textile mills, retail, clerical, and teaching jobs. When referring to sex work, Laura Agustin uses the term in “Migrants in the Mistress’s House” to encompass everything from prostitution, sexual services in bars, clubs, and flats, erotic phone sex, peep shows, massage parlors, and lap dancing (110). However, she often does not differentiate between sex work and domestic work “because migrants often move between these sectors or work in two at once, and because a separation into two groups reproduces a scheme of ‘good’ versus ‘bad’ girls” (97). For the sake of clarity, however, this paper will differentiate between “traditional” women’s labor

In today’s world, people think that all women and men workers around the world are being payed equally, but as some people know that is not a case. Most of the time when people think about work they think about paid work. All around the world some mothers or women choose their job as a domestic worker, which is categorized as salary workers. Salary workers are people who works as an employee in companies, stores or another people’s house and get paid for a specific period of time. The reason women take this domestic work as a job because they have to take care of the family during earning money such as take care of their child and make meal for family.

Global Women is an eye-opening book that describes the reality of what women in the developing world do to survive the brutal capitalistic world. When I first started reading this book, I assumed it to be filled with theoretical and statistics-filled information like many other books I have read. However, it was not only informational but also very provoking and surprisingly first-hand. It definitely help the readers to be engaged into the issues and to understand the global patterns of relationships among women struggling to survive in the domestic service sector and in the sex trade.

For my final paper, I want to work with the topics of reproduction, the body, and care. I am planning to focus on the divisions of wealth and gender roles that create economical hierarchies and encourage gendered work. Through the use of examples, I want to further explore how certain labors are valued economically and socially, and how this reflects those who complete reproductive work. I will draw on Marxist Theory to strengthen my argument, as it is centered on the economic cause of gender inequality. Additionally, I will look at the expectations of women, and how these assumed roles are reinforced through the global care chain.

Feminist theories rooted against the patriarchal system of western society will argue that the role of a stay at home mother is a form of oppression. Women are not compensated for the work that they are doing on a day-to-day basis and in a sense are less valued in society. This could be a result of their work being devalued in society, or the fact society does not place a value on the work that they do, therefore devaluing them in society. This sense of undervaluing creates an inequality in society for women who choose to stay at home. The feminist and the housewife are actually

The cultural norm in the 1965 was the women took care of the housework and children while the men went to work, however, now most families are two working parent households. Depending on the culture there will be a difference in who does the housework and takes care of the children. Bianchi provides a study that shows, countries with a higher full-time employment for women there is more of an egalitarian attitude with the childcare and housework. As society changes, the cultural norms change and in this article Bianchi describes the change within gender inequality when it comes to housework and childcare. In 1965 men were the “breadwinner” and the women stayed at home to take care of the house and children which has changed in today’s

A domestic worker is someone employed and paid by a single person or a couple in a domestic partnership within their private household. This is a study of one such occupation of women i.e., domestic work and women 's health where women are found in large numbers exploited the most and protected by the state the least. A vast majority of these workers are the urban poor -excluded not only from formal sector jobs, but also from formal sector housing - living in slums and informal settlements across the city. Given that informal sector employment is frequently characterized by low wages and incomes, a lack of social security. (Dr. G. Vanithamani 2014)

The book is a compiled action research and documentation work that focused on the varying levels and degree of intensities of women’s work as they contribute to a country’s development and how the intricacies of free-trade or globalization impacts the lives of women- their personhood, their families and their communities. The research involved about eight (8) Asian countries – India, Hongkong, Thailand, Pakistan, Sri Langka, Indonesia, South Korea and the Philippines with poor women who are very much involved and working in the fishing, agriculture, manufacturing/industrial sectors as well as migrant women workers.

Within these past few years, Indonesian domestic workers (hereafter IDWs) have caught people’s attention with the publication of their novels, short stories, and poetries. The emergence of Sastra Buruh Migran (migrant workers’ literature), a genre which refers to the creative writing of IDWs who work in countries such as Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Singapore (Retnaningdyah 23), apparently has challenged the negative labels which IDWs have endured. In their homeland, IDWs suffer from bad stereotyping: domestic workers are nothing but physical workers who have to operate for a meagre salary, in often bad conditions. As domestic work is not considered as a formal employment, this means exclusion from the national labor legislation (Factsheet). Similarly, in her ethnographic research on Latina domestic worker, Hondagneu-Sotelo asserts that people perceive paid domestic worker as ‘under the table’ economy because this particular work “takes place in a private home” (9). Also, in the context of transnational labor market, such perception still applies for the foreign migrant workers. In IDWs case, while facing marginalization in a multiple sense, they are no stranger to stereotypes like “uncivilized and stupid” simply because of their “short of English skills” and lacking “sufficient knowledge and experience to handle housework in a modern household” (Lan in Loveband

Women in particular are the much affected in the informal labour market, women generally find employment in peripheral jobs of the large units as temporary , contract or part-time workers. there are many women working as a domestic servants, hawkers,construction workers and petty traders and women in search of livelihood who are self-employed selling petty commodities such as fruit,vegetables, beedis or even their own labour and bodies as domestic workers or as prostitutes. Most of them are either illiterate or having lower education. They have to work in low paid and low skilled jobs the irony is that through women bear double burden patriarchal perception consider them as secondary labour forced and supplementary earners. The number of women in the