Transtheoretical Model Essay

Prochaska & DiClemente’s (1984) research suggests the Prochaska & DiClemente’s model of change is effective and has an impact in health promotion. The Prochaska & DiClemente’s model of change is becoming a more popular and widely used resource for health promotion; this is because it can be applied with a number of addictive behaviours such as smoking, drug use and alcohol abuse (Whitelaw, et al, 2000). The Prochaska & DiClemente’s model of change has six stages these include, Pre contemplation this is when the patient is not seriously considering change, Contemplation This is when the patient is thinking about change, Preparation when the

The Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (TTM) was created by Prochaska and DiClemente. It is based on “(1) the stages of change, (2) the decisional balance scale, (3) the strong and weak principle, (4) self-efficacy, and (5) the processes of change” (Kelly, 2008, p. 149). A person’s progression through the stages depends on their perception of the advantages of adopting a healthy lifestyle (Kelly, 2008).

In this part of my assignment I will describe 2 different theories of behaviour change in relation to health.

The majority of people will decide to change their health behavior throughout their lifetime. The reasons for the change might be quite different from individual to individual. Some may be motivated to take action after experiencing a life threatening illness, while others are proactive and change their health behavior to decrease the risks of developing a potential disease. However, even if the reasons for the change are valid and well understood, there is a great possibility that one will not follow set goals long term. Stacy Carter, an assistant of professor and an author of the Social Validity Manual, expresses her opinion about people implementing a scientifically proven health behavior change treatment in their routine, “if it's something that is going to cause them a lot of effort, or is difficult to implement, then they probably are not going to use it for long” (Cranford, 2011). Use number superscript 1

The Transtheoretical Model of Change has become popular over the past few decades in explaining health behaviors like substance and alcohol abuse, dieting, and smoking cessation. It has four parts to it, the first being the stages of change. The Stages of Change Model gives explanations for different points on the path to intentional behavioral change (Vilela, Jungerman, Laranjeira, & Callaghan, 2009). Intentional behavioral changes are changes in the habitual patterns of behavior that are related to issues such as substance or alcohol abuse. There are six steps in the Stages of Change Model: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and

The intrapersonal model focuses on health promotion and health education efforts in order to increase awareness of health-related issues among individuals, such as knowledge, attitudes, personal beliefs, and the individual’s skill set (Riegelman and Kirkwood, 2015). This is important because it zeros in on the individual and what they know and can do in order to allow for change. One of the many models within the intrapersonal theory is the transtheoretical model, also known as the stages of change model. The transtheoretical model’s constructs are that the individual goes through incremental stages when changing a behavior instead of making big changes all at the same time (Riegelman and Kirkwood, 2015). The first construct is the precontemplation stage, where the individual has not yet thought about changing their behavior. Next, is the contemplation stage, where the individual is actively thinking about the pros and cons of change. Then the next stage is preparation, where the individual is thinking about a plan of action. Next, is the action stage, where the change is taking place in the individual’s behavior. Finally, the maintenance stage, where the change becomes a permanent change in the individual’s lifestyle. (Riegelman and Kirkwood, 2015). The importance in this model is the ability

Exercise behavior is the study of theories which work to explain actions and phenomenon’s that occur when looking at peoples perspectives of exercise. One overall theory called The Transtheoretical model (TTM), includes elements from “across a variety of theories and models behavior, some of which are social-cognitive in nature and some of which are not” (79). The TTM describes five stages of behavior change: Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance. By using TTM as the base of multiple theories, a greater picture of exercise behavior is created to understand how individuals become interested and continue to make a life style that involves normal exercise.

It is irrefutable that the formulation of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM), has efficaciously contributed to current perspectives in health psychology, allowing for a greater understanding in facilitating healthy behaviour change (Adam & White, 2003). TTM is a comprehensive six-stage theory which logically describes behaviour change as a process rather than a single event, providing the pathway to a more enduring and successful outcome (Adam & White, 2003; Prochaska, 2008). These stages include: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance, which occur cyclically in the event of relapses, until temptation is no longer present, resulting in termination (Marshall & Biddle, 2001; Prochaska, 2008).

The transtheoretical model helps explain the patient’s behavior change related to the health aspects. As per this change agent, the patient’s purposeful behavior change consists of the cognitive and the performance-based elements. The five stages of the model are precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and the maintenance stage (Virginia Tech Continuing & Professional Education, n.d.).

The transtheoretical model is a widely used concept with the intent of producing a behavioral change of an individual. This model is a gradual process that requires the initiative of the person realize the issue and make steps towards accomplishing his/her goal. This model encompasses six stages: Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance, and Termination. In the pre-contemplation stage the pregnant/non-pregnant woman has no intent to take action possibly due to unsuccessful attempts in the past or being uninformed (Prochaska & Velicer, 1997). A pregnant or non-pregnant woman in the pre-contemplation stage may have a strong addiction to smoking and engages in the behavior as a coping

The process of change describes how people change. These processes of change are divided into two categories; cognitive and behavioral. Cognitive is the thinking process of change and behavioral is the action process of change. The transtheoretical model suggests that people use different strategies, techniques or different amounts of each at different stages in their change process. Self-efficacy refers to confidence and an individual’s experience with confidence to perform specific behaviors in specific situations. Self-efficacy is a good predictor of behavior change. An individual with higher self-efficacy may be more likely to change a behavior even if the situation doesn’t have any positive reinforcements (Campbell, Eichhorn, Early, Caraccioli, Greely, 2012).

At this stage, the individual makes the intent to adopt a healthy behaviour within the next six months. During this stage individual value the positive change. However, they still may evade doing the action. The person thinks about exercise but does not act on. For example, the person attempts to take up a new activity but not likely to act on that thought. At this stage, the person begins to contemplate about modifying their behaviour.

The transtheoretical theory is a five-stage theory that depicts adjustment/change in a person's wellbeing. It recommends that change requires investment, likewise that a wide range of mediations are compelling at various stages, and also that there are numerous results occurring over the stages (Nugent, 2015). These five stages include precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance (Hood, 2018). From my understanding of these terms discussed in class, In the precontemplation stage, individuals are not aware or have no intention to change. In the Contemplation stage, people are aware of their problems and want to change it. In the Preparation stage, a person takes action in making the changes towards the behavior. In the action stage, individuals make changes to the behavior. Finally, In the maintenance stage, people make plans to prevent relapse and how to overcome barriers (Hood, 2018).

This article provided a definition of the Trans Theoretical model of behavior change and provided ways to support change based on the client’s stage of change. The Trans theoretical model (TTM) is a tool that can be used to promote behavior change. The TTM focuses on the decision making of the individual and intentional behavior change. Although the TTM was originally designed to describe changes in addictive behavior, it has recently expanded to include preventive health behavior change. The TTM says that people do not change all at once, rather they move through a series of five stages toward behavior change. These five stages include pre contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. Table 2 from the article provided

Doctors have recently realized that physical inactivity isn’t just an ordinary issue that can be eliminated with a few hours of exercise a week. Every minute wasted sitting motionless and inactive undoubtedly increases a person’s risk of developing harmful diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and eventually death if not properly treated. Small changes start to occur as the body sets into a lethargic state; blood circulation slows down and as a result, metabolic processes take an extensive amount of time to perform. The unnecessary exertion of pressure on the body causes detrimental outcomes on a person’s health. One study demonstrated that “adults and kids who incorporate small, light activities into their day, break up their bouts of sitting with frequent small breaks -to stand and stretch, walk across the room, jump up and down or buzz to the water cooler -have better metabolic profiles” (Ryan). By making little changes throughout ones day, like taking the stairs or stretching every few hours, can be the difference between developing a chronic disease or staying healthy.