Transtheoretical Model Of Change Essay

Prochaska & DiClemente’s (1984) research suggests the Prochaska & DiClemente’s model of change is effective and has an impact in health promotion. The Prochaska & DiClemente’s model of change is becoming a more popular and widely used resource for health promotion; this is because it can be applied with a number of addictive behaviours such as smoking, drug use and alcohol abuse (Whitelaw, et al, 2000). The Prochaska & DiClemente’s model of change has six stages these include, Pre contemplation this is when the patient is not seriously considering change, Contemplation This is when the patient is thinking about change, Preparation when the

Prochaska and DiClemente(1984)  deals with intentional behavioural change and views change as a process rather than an event.The change process is characterised by six stages of change.These include the precontemplation,contemplation,preparation,action,maintenance and relapse which can occur at any stage in any part of the cycle.

Diverse populations are characterized by clients from different facets of life, this can include, gender, race, religion, age, and various other factors (Cormier, 2014). This trend of diverse populations is expected to grow into the 21st century (Cormier, 2014). Counselors must recognize these differences and built the competency to serve various populations (Cormier, 2014). When faced with adversity, most people go through stages of change to process deviations that come along with adversity. A person’s diversity may effect how they proceed through these changes.

Throughout the countless pages of history, there exists many occurrences of change. Some of these changes are positive while others are negative. Nevertheless, as each change occurs, it must undergo struggles to become accepted. One example of the struggles of change that is seen in today’s society is the ongoing fight for religious freedom. Another change that is currently facing obstacles is the fight to change policies that raise the question of equality. Lastly, another struggle for change is the conflict that is occurring in order to make same-sex marriage legal. Through the examples of all these changes, there exists the common factor of changing values. As values change, new changes are undertaken. Therefore, changing values entail

The majority of people will decide to change their health behavior throughout their lifetime. The reasons for the change might be quite different from individual to individual. Some may be motivated to take action after experiencing a life threatening illness, while others are proactive and change their health behavior to decrease the risks of developing a potential disease. However, even if the reasons for the change are valid and well understood, there is a great possibility that one will not follow set goals long term. Stacy Carter, an assistant of professor and an author of the Social Validity Manual, expresses her opinion about people implementing a scientifically proven health behavior change treatment in their routine, “if it's something that is going to cause them a lot of effort, or is difficult to implement, then they probably are not going to use it for long” (Cranford, 2011). Use number superscript 1

The Contemplation Stage and Preparation Stage of the Stages of Change Model vary greatly. In the Contemplation Stage, a person reflects on their own behavior, their ability to change, and the outcome it would bring compared to their current behavior. After a person has moved on from the Contemplation Stage, they take a step forward and begin test their ability to change by taking small steps like foreshadowing the difficulties that they will face and like the name of the stage suggest, prepare for them.

Transtheoretical model research designed is used in this study. The transtheoretical model is sometimes referred to as stages of change, it is a model created to help us understand and motivate individuals to change behavior. Stages in trans-theoretical

step, relapse, but for the sake of this assignment, five will be used as per the text. During the pre-contemplation stage the client is not thinking about change; they are unaware or under-aware that there is a problem. At the contemplation stage the client is ambivalent about change, and not likely considering making a change within the next thirty days. The preparation stage is when the client has made some progress with change and attempting to change further. The action stage is when the client has been performing a new behavior from ninety days to six months. The maintenance stage in involves the client making a commitment to achieving the desired change, and typically takes place after six months and up to five years (University of Arizona C.A.T.S. Life Skills Program, 2016).

Exercise behavior is the study of theories which work to explain actions and phenomenon’s that occur when looking at peoples perspectives of exercise. One overall theory called The Transtheoretical model (TTM), includes elements from “across a variety of theories and models behavior, some of which are social-cognitive in nature and some of which are not” (79). The TTM describes five stages of behavior change: Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance. By using TTM as the base of multiple theories, a greater picture of exercise behavior is created to understand how individuals become interested and continue to make a life style that involves normal exercise.

It is irrefutable that the formulation of the Transtheoretical Model (TTM), has efficaciously contributed to current perspectives in health psychology, allowing for a greater understanding in facilitating healthy behaviour change (Adam & White, 2003). TTM is a comprehensive six-stage theory which logically describes behaviour change as a process rather than a single event, providing the pathway to a more enduring and successful outcome (Adam & White, 2003; Prochaska, 2008). These stages include: pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance, which occur cyclically in the event of relapses, until temptation is no longer present, resulting in termination (Marshall & Biddle, 2001; Prochaska, 2008).

The Transtheoretical Model is a theory of health behavior that suggests that behavior change is a process, not an event. There are five stages of change someone can go through while attempting to engage in positive behavior: precontemplation, no intention to act within six months; contemplation, intention to act within six months; preparation, intention to act within the next thirty days along with some behavioral steps; action, changed behavior for less than six months, maintenance, changed behavior for more than six months; termination, end of the behavior. These stages are not linear, so an individual can move up and down the stages of change indiscriminately.

The process of change describes how people change. These processes of change are divided into two categories; cognitive and behavioral. Cognitive is the thinking process of change and behavioral is the action process of change. The transtheoretical model suggests that people use different strategies, techniques or different amounts of each at different stages in their change process. Self-efficacy refers to confidence and an individual’s experience with confidence to perform specific behaviors in specific situations. Self-efficacy is a good predictor of behavior change. An individual with higher self-efficacy may be more likely to change a behavior even if the situation doesn’t have any positive reinforcements (Campbell, Eichhorn, Early, Caraccioli, Greely, 2012).

Burke (2014) stated that organizations change from day to day. The changes that take place in organizations can be intentional or unintentional. Generally, the changes that occur is accidental. It is important to have a broader and deeper knowledge of understanding organization change. Understanding what is currently happening as well as trends in which the organization is functioning can provide such awareness.

In looking at the numerous experiences that I have encountered where change has been more than needed and wanted, I feel that my experience working in the Salt Lake Valley Detention Center for five years and leaving to pursue change is a great example of the use of a change model. When I began working in detention in 2009, I felt empowered and validated for the work that I was doing. I also felt that the work that I was doing was making a difference in the lives of the youth I worked with. I had amazing rapport with the youth and staff alike and quickly moved up the latter. As I climbed the latter, I worked to ensure that the staff and I maintained the best interests of the youth. In maintaining a high level of integrity and fairness, we saw dramatic decreases in recidivism among the youth we served and noticed that the staff enjoyed coming to work. However, several years later the facility was sub contracted out and many of the administrative and line positions were cleared out and filled with new personnel. As the new agency filled the positions with various new staff, the change had a negative effect on the previous processes. As the changes continued so did the responses/ behavior of the youth. It seemed like the consideration for the youth and concern for their best interest were pushed aside to fulfill quotas. With the high level of stress this brought on staff, I as well as many others attempted to “Walk on” to find new alternative that would allow us to maintain our efforts, but were unsuccessful. With numerous failed attempts and meetings with admin that resulted in nothing more that frustration, I chose to “Walk out.” In walking out, I continued working with youth in an area that allows me to be a bigger part of the process where I can be more effective. Through this experience, I would say that the seven step process would be very close to the ways in which I addressed the concerns within the detention center prior to leaving and then after as I sought to empower the youth in my community. In part of this change process, I have also undertaken higher education to ensure that I can better meet the needs of those within my community and to strengthen myself so that I can work in situation were those I

The Transtheoretical Model includes many complicated stages of the process of changing a behavior.The Precontemplation stage consists of no intention of changing whether failing to change before or being unaware of any problem. Contemplation stage is the first stage where people recognize the presence of a problem and the need for change. Preparation stage is where people may have come up with a plan of what to do. The Action stage is where people follow the first steps of their plan. The Maintenance stage is the continuation of the plan and forces the plan to become a daily life