Traumatic Arthritis Essay

     Another type is Rheumatoid arthritis. It is what’s known as an inflammatory arthritis. It is the second most common form of arthritis, right behind osteoarthritis. It affects primarily the small joints in the hands and feet, causing crippling deformities. This is an arthritis that usually starts in middle-life or earlier. Estimates say one out of every hundred people, (females are two to three times as likely) suffer from it. It usually starts in the winter and after a common sickness, but it isn’t considered an infective arthritis. Nobody knows what causes rheumatoid arthritis. It could be some hereditary trait. Scientists think that rheumatoid arthritis may be an autoimmune disease (that means the body acts as though it were allergic to itself). The immune system gets mixed up and attacks normal joint tissue instead of the infection it is supposed to attack.

Rheumatoid Arthritis(RA) is the most common type of autoimmune arthritis. RA is a progressive and debilitating musculoskeletal disorder that affects the joints symmetrically, causing a range of systemic effects. What it causes is still not well known; nevertheless, findings of new research points towards a believe that it is triggered by a defective immune system, which causes the release of inflammatory chemicals. These chemicals cause damage to cartilage and bone, usually affecting the wrists, the joints of the hand, including the knuckles, the middle joints of the fingers and feet. While this condition can affect any joints, besides, important body organs such as the eyes and the lungs can also be affected by the inflammation that occurs as a result of this chronic condition. Only in America 1.3 million of people are affected by this ailment, and 75 % of them are mainly women. Its onset usually occurs between fourth and sixth decades; however, RA can occur at any age("Diseases And

Rheumatoid Arthritis has been subject of numerous studies and researches in the look for a better understanding of how it effects the individuals diagnosed with it. There is a higher incident of females diagnosed with RA than male as well as a relationship with genetic and environmental factors involved. Around one percent of the world population is affected by RA; therefore, diverse studies have been performed to understand how the lives of the diagnosed patients can be impacted by the disease. For example, how RA affects the mobility, safety and activities of daily living in general as well as the development of interventions to better approach RA. On

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic syndrome that is characterized by inflammation of the peripheral joints, but it may also involve the lungs, heart, blood vessels, and eyes. The prevalence of this autoimmune disease is between 0.3% to 1.5% of the population in the United States (Feinberg, pp 815). It affects women two to three times more often than men, and the onset of RA is usually between 25 and 50 years of age, but it can occur at any age (Reed, pp 584). RA can be diagnosed by establishing the presence of persistent joint pain, swelling in a symmetric distribution, and prolonged morning stiffness. RA usually affects multiple joints, such as the hands, wrists, knees, elbows, feet, shoulders, hips, and small

Arthritic joints show to contain high levels of TNF alpha both in fluid and expressed on the surface of the high number of CD4+ T cells. Bernard et al 1995 carried out an experiment to determine if CA2 binds to transmembrane TNF alpha and the effect of the binding on these expressing cells. The experiment was carried out on a cell line which expressed mutate forms of the transmembrane TNF alpha. The studied showed that TNF alpha binds to CA2 with high avidity which results in killing of TNF+ cells.

When the point of two or more bones comes together, it is called a joint. We are able to make a movement because the present of joints which are designed to allow movement and to assimilate shock from the movement such as running or walking. Furthermore, cartilage is an elastic and though tissue that covered the ends of the bones. The capsule act as protection centre which joints is surrounded by it. A type of tissue called synovium produces synovial fluid lined the joint capsule (Magro, C., M., and Crowson, A., N., 2003). The fluid is clear in substances that help the cartilage and bones inside the joint capsule easily lubricated and nourished. The disease process leading to rheumatoid arthritis begins here. The protective sac consists of lubricating liquid known as synovial fluid. Other than to cushioning joints, cartilage is a slippery tissue located at the ends of the bones also get nutrients and oxygen which is supplied by the fluids. Cartilage also is the structural protein in the body, which is composed primarily of collagen. The functions of this cartilage is form a mesh to give protection and flexibility to the joints. In rheumatoid arthritis, continuous inflammation of the synovium is occurred caused by an abnormal immune system response that secrete destructive molecules (Paleolog, 2002). As a result, collagen dramatically destroyed thus make the joint space

The main cause of Arthritis is the decrease in the average amount of this cartilage tissue. Normal wear and tear causes OA, otherwise identified as Osteoarthritis of the most popular forms of arthritis. A disease or injury to the joints can worsen this natural breakdown of cartilage tissue. The patient's risk of developing Osteoarthritis may be higher if the patients have a family history of the disease. Another common form of arthritis, RA, otherwise identified as Rheumatoid arthritis, is an autoimmune disorder. It happens when your body’s immune system invades the tissues of the body. These attacks affect the

Post traumatic arthritis is the increased wear that occurs in a joint as the direct and indirect result of injury. Did you visit the orpthopaeditrician yet? Usually it is very important because they carry out all that important tests required to diagnose the arthritis. This may include physical examination, x-ray and even MRI.

Rheumatoid Arthritis or (RA) is an autoimmune disease that attacks the joints and connective tissue. The result is inflammation that produces permanent damage in the joints. Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic syndrome that tends to be progressive and destructive as compared to Osteoarthritis or (OA), which is more of an age related disease caused by “wear and tear” of the joints. In contrast to (OA), rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by inflammation mostly of the joints, but is a general body disease.

Rheumatoid Arthritis, which is abbreviated as (RA), by definition, is an inflammatory immune-mediated defect. In developed countries, its prevalence is about 0.5 to 1%. It is a serious disease whose effects can at times lead to permanent disability. Some of the effects include bone erosion, articular destruction and chronic synovial inflammation, which results in functional decline and disability. The Introduction of effective and efficient intervention has been put in place to reduce joint damage and functional impairment.

One form of inflammatory arthritis is rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The immune system attacks the joints of RA in the body, causing pain, swelling, stiffness and possible damage to internal organs.

RA is associated with inflammation of the synovium, autoantibody production, progressive cartilage and bone destruction, early morbidity, and other systemic consequences in which many include cardiovascular events. Although structural changes can be visualized by conventional imaging techniques, joint damage is rarely apparent in early stages of disease, but rather accumulates over time (4). Various immune modulators and signalling pathways are involved in the pathophysiology of RA. The influx of mononuclear cells, including T and B cells results in synovitis, which is inflammation of the synovial joint. The synovial lining becomes hyperplastic and the membrane expands and destroys bone, due to osteoclast-rich regions. Cartilage is also degraded by enzymes secreted from synoviocytes and chondrocytes (4).

Synovial macrophages and fibroblast-like synoviocytes increase in number and infiltrate the surrounding cartilage and bone; these cells are the primary source of inflammatory mediators, involving proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. The cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) is present in the RA synovium, and so anti-TNF alpha therapy has proved to be effective in controlling disease progression in many RA patients (76).

Arthritis is a biological term that refers to joint pain or joint disease that affects more than 50 million adults and 300,000 children (Arthritis Foundation). Because of the large variety in the affected population, there are complications in arthritis research due to the differences in its severities and symptoms. One of the most common types of arthritis is rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation within the lining of joints resulting in pain and swelling (Arthritis Foundation). It affects more than 1.3 million Americans and approximately 7 million people worldwide (Rheumatoid Arthritis 2016) causing debilitating symptoms to millions of people. Because of its prevalence, research needs to be fully investigated

Patients diagnosed with Rheumatoid Arthritis present chronic systemic inflammation, contributing to a variety of symptoms such as pain in joints, muscle cachexia (muscle wasting) and decreased muscular function, and so reducing their quality of life (Ekdahl and Broman. 1992). Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by the systemic inflammation of the synovial membrane of one or more joints and an abnormally high presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines. (Cooney, Law et al. 2011).