Traumatic Brain Injury Research Paper

Sports injuries are often thought of as being physically visible as soon as they happen. Many of these injuries are imagined to be bloody wounds, broken bones, or torn ligaments. Since injuries like the ones mentioned beforehand are visible with the naked eye, they are treated immediately and are not taken lightly. Concussions, on the other hand, are head injuries that cannot be seen with the naked eye. This is what makes concussions more frequent and dangerous to athletes. Concussions are “traumatically induced physiological disruption of brain function that can be caused by either a direct blow to the head or by indirect forces transmitted to the head” (Johnson 181). The symptoms of a concussion include, but are not limited to, headache, dizziness, loss of balance, and blurred vision (McCrea, Hammeke, Olsen, Leo, and Guskiewicz 15). Some patients may not experience any symptoms. Concussions cannot be diagnosed without extensive medical procedures so they are often overlooked. The effects of concussions are often mentally and physiological rather than physical. According to Dr, Syd Johnson, “concussions can result in deficits in attention and concentration, reaction time, processing speed and memory, and executive function” (Johnson 181).

Concussions have been shown to be the cause of chronic traumatic encephalopathy or “CTE”, which has led to player suicides and other debilitating symptoms after retirement, including memory loss, depression, anxiety, headaches, and also sleep disturbances. “In CTE, a protein called Tau forms clumps that slowly spread throughout the brain, killing brain cells. CTE has been seen in people as young as 17, but symptoms do not generally begin appearing until years after the onset of head impacts.”(What Is CTE). This is why people are studying and trying to understand concussions fully in order to prevent and treat future ones. Concussions are very serious and shouldn’t be taken lightly which is why it has become a major topic in football. As much as professional and young athletes want to prove their toughness and continue to play, new research is proving that concussions are far more dangerous than anyone could have predicted.

In 2006, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that approximately 1.6 million to 3.8 million sport-related concussions occur each year in the United States (Langois, Rutland-Brown, & Wald, 2006). Sport-related concussions are a subset of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and are defined as a complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain (McCrory et al., 2012). The typical signs and symptoms associated with a concussion include confusion, amnesia, headache, dizziness, nausea, loss of balance, and/or poor concentration (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010).

Concussions are a problem that nearly all athletes competing in a contact sport will go through. Whether it be boxers, hockey players, skateboarders, or football players, most can usually recognize a concussion. Some say they “See Lights,” or “Hear Ringing,” with over 3000,000 concussions happening in football yearly, concussions can also occur in sports such as gymnastics, cycling, and even martial arts. A concussion by definition is a traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to one’s head by either a fall, bump, or other injury that results in the shaking of the brain within the skull. It is important to understand what a concussion is, so you can prevent possible long term affects to one’s cognitive

Many memories are made in sports, but sadly, some of the greatest players cannot remember them. Concussions are temporary unconsciousness caused by a blow to the head. The term is also used loosely of the aftereffects such as confusion or temporary incapacity (dictionary definition). Athletes can usually can recognize a mild concussion by seeing lights or hearing bells. Before concussions were discovered it was known as “getting your bell rung” because they didn’t know what it was. Concussions are one of the most dangerous things that could happen to the human head. Concussions can cause symptoms to last a long time, and people could not know they have one. Concussions long result is Chronic traumatic encephalopathy, also known at CTE. CTE can cause Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also known as; ALS, anxiety, depression, and even death. A concussion is a onetime event that can make a huge change to one’s life.

Many people hear the word “concussion” and think of it as being just a simple headache; however, not many know the significant health consequences associated with receiving a concussion. Concussions can have a variety of adverse effects on a person, some of which include sensory changes and deficits, emotional difficulties like depression, and an overall reduction in cognitive functioning. Abnormal eye movements and a reduced sense of touch are examples of sensory changes and deficits that are common with concussions. Individuals on the receiving end of concussions also deal with emotional difficulties including depression and even certain forms of guilt. Reduction in overall cognitive

Concussion effects your ability to learn. Because all the interruption after-concussion, many doctors often require a lot of days of rest during the time you have concussion. Which you can't read nothing, do nothing on computer or anything like that, or any other work making insistence of brain power(Turton 1).Very few concussions require more than four weeks recovery time.  Rehabilitation duration over four weeks lacks more cooperative scholar and therapeutic interference and resources outside the school academic adaption instead of easily academic standardization(Matthew 2).An impingement to the brain discombobulate processes on a cellular level. Injured, and also trying to recover from the injury, brain cells become less capable as they fight to restore balance(Matthew 3).

A traumatic brain injury (also known as a TBI) is a hit to the head that causes damage to the brain cells as well as causes the person to become confused, as a result of the information that’s being sent to neuron to neuron getting interrupted.When the impulses are not going the correct way it causes the person to change their personality, attitude and emotions. Not to mention that no two brain injuries are alike. For the medical team they take a different approach.

Traumatic Brain Injuries are serious issues in the United States for health care providers (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). A TBI occurs

parindent{ }Traumatic brain injury is a significant health problem in the United States that is estimated to occur in 1.6-1.8 million persons annually (citealt{faul2010}). Diffuse axonal injury is %the most frequently occurring

There are many ailments known today that can severely alter the way one lives his or her life. Some can take years to fully hinder one 's body and some can critically harm one in an instant. Traumatic brain injuries can and do harm near instantaneously.

The human brain is a scientific marvel: billions of microscopic cells bind together just so, and form a structure that regulates and processes every aspect of life, from keeping blood at just the right pH, to processing the gentle caress of a loved one. Other body parts are expendable or replaceable: kidneys can be transplanted, livers can be transplanted, even penises can be transplanted. The human brain, however, cannot. It is so essential that if it goes even a few minutes without nutrients, death can result. A nourished brain, however, is able to control muscle movement, judgment, reasoning, memory, process visual information, and comprehend language. This is why damage to the brain can be devastating, no matter how small or insignificant the injury may seem. There is no surefire way to prevent damage to the brain from ever occurring, but it is possible to manage the symptoms that develop in the aftermath.

Concussions are widely misunderstood and are often portrayed as something a little more severe than a headache. However, mild headache medication can not repair the damaged tissue a person has caused to their brain. Multiple concussions and injuries to the head have been linked to a brain disease known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy, CTE, and is common in athletes. Concussions and CTE have been known to be the highlight of the end of most NFL players careers. Parents would fear less for their child's health and safety if concussions were reduced by football leagues applying more safety regulations.

Over the past years, overall numbers of concussions in contact sports have become an increasing issue. Concussions are the most popular during football in all levels all the way up to the NFL. According to Concussion, a concussion occurs when the head hits or is hit by an object, or when the brain is jarred against the skull with sufficient force to cause temporary loss of function in the higher centers of the brain. The injured person may remain conscious or briefly lose consciousness and become disoriented for some minutes after the blow. Classified into mild and severe stages, a mild concussion can cause nausea, temporary memory loss, confusion, and dizziness. A severe stage can cause unconsciousness, prolonged headaches, or even permanent memory loss and brain damage. Because of increased numbers of concussions during contact sports in the past few decades, coaches and athletic trainers are working to reduce concussion cases and better the treatment. Along with new equipment, rules and regulations are being put into place, and illness and other health issues have experienced a dangerous climb with concussions.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) also known as a concussion, is a serous injury caused by a blow or bump to the head that disrupts the normal function of an athlete’s brain. An impact to the head causes the brain to accelerate very quickly and then stop as it hits the skull which results in disruptions in nerve cells’ connections. Symptoms of a TBI can range from mild to severe and can include changes in vision, feelings of drowsiness and confusion, headaches, vomiting, nausea, memory loss, and loss of consciousness.3 In 2012, 3,800,000 sport related concussions, with 33% of all sport concussions happening during practice, with football being the sport where athletes have the higher incidents of TBI. 4 Football athletes’ have the highest concussions rates among youth, high school, and college levels, with college being having the highest rate of incidents.5