Introduction: At least, 2.4 million traumatic brain injury (TBI) related hospital visit each year in USA and WHO predicting that TBI will be the third leading cause of death and disability worldwide by 2020 (Hyder, Wunderlich et al. 2007, Centers for Disease and Prevention 2013). Approximately one percent Americans older than 60 years old are diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease (PD)(Gazewood, Richards et al. 2013). Millions of them have to adapt to the extensive long-term disability, but its impact does not end there. They often have to depend on other people’s continuous support to survive that significantly impacts our healthcare burden (Stacey L. Kowal 2013). A new meta-analysis and other recent studies provide support for the …show more content…
2013). There are no studies that have determined the role of α-Syn protein accumulation on the behavioral and pathological effects of TBI in α-syn transgenic mice. Our group recently reported that TBI precipitates AD-pathology and cognitive deficits in transgenic 3xTg-AD mice (Tajiri, Kellogg et al. 2013). In this study we examine motor recovery and a detail time course of the development of Parkinson’s-like pathology in α-Syn transgenic mice brain after inducing moderate TBI. Thirty-six adult (9 mo) mice (18 transgenic and 18 non-transgenic controls) will be use for this study. Animals will be subjected to moderate TBI using controlled cortical impact (CCI) model. Prior to TBI and at 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-TBI a battery of motor behavioral and cognitive testing will be performed. Moreover, at each indicated time point ( 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-TBI) 6 animal per group will be euthanized and their brain will be harvested for direct quantitative and qualitative analysis of α-Syn protein expression in the cortex, hippocampus, striatum and substantia nigra. Background and Significance: Although controversy exists in the literature about the association between TBI and PD (Rugbjerg, Ritz et al. 2008, Spangenberg, Hannerz et al. 2009), the majority epidemiological studies over the years have
It happens in an instant but the effect lasts longer. How would you feel to be in a darkroom with no electronics for two weeks? Pretty boring, don’t you think? A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury that is caused by a blow to the head, a fall, or another injury that jars or shakes the brain inside the skull. If the blow to the head is severe enough to cause a tear of a blood vessel under the skull, this can cause an accumulation of blood that will cause the brain to become displaced [Flynn]. There are six types of concussions. The harder you hit your head the worse the injury will take to recover. [Newsela] People with concussions had thinking and memory test scores that were 25 percent
Concussions can seriously alter one’s life. Concussions are the result of moderate to severe impact to the head with another object. These impacts shake the brain, which is suspended in cerebral fluid, and cause it to scrape against the skull. Concussions can have mild to severe symptoms including insomnia, an inability to concentrate and headaches. Symptoms manifest both physically and mentally and may appear days after the initial trauma, with the possibility of lasting for months. Concussions are extremely prominent in contact sports such as football and hockey at all ages of play, professional to amateur. Multiple concussions may be accompanied by CTE, a neurodegenerative disease associated with
According to the Brain Injury Association of America (2010), traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the most frequent cause of disability and death among children and adolescents in the United States of America. Approximately 300,000 sports-related brain injuries occur on a yearly basis (Thurman & Guerrero, 1999). Repeated mild brain injuries over an extended period of time could result in neurological and cognitive deficits (Center for Disease and Prevention Control, 2005). Due to these potential long-term ramifications and the increasing rates of concussions, lawmakers have proposed federal and state laws in order to protect the well being of student athletes.
I conducted research regarding head injuries such as concussions in athletes and came across to find many sources have said the leading cause of death from sports-related injuries is traumatic brain injury. Traumatic brain injury can happen when the head suddenly and violently hits an object, or when an object pierces the skull and enters the brain tissue. A concussion is a part of traumatic brain injury which happens a lot in sports like football. According to a report made by NCCSIR, several football players associated with brain trauma complained of headaches or had a previous concussion before deaths. There have been suggestions made that the cause of concussions in football players happen because of many hits over time not by a single
Being home and at school are the primary locations for students and adolescents and where they spend the most time of their day. When a student is diagnosed with a TBI, it can dramatically affect their school performance. After a student experiences a TBI, school is one one of the many stepping stones where recovery and development is offered and can be used as an intervention. For schools to be able to offer the appropriate educational measures adjusted for the needs of the student, the appropriate support and recovery process for the student, schools having the appropriate documentation and knowledge about the student’s injury.
For a long time, traumatic brain injury has been a large contributor to disabilities and death within the United States. Around 30 percent of these injuries lead to death, and those who survive these injuries may suffer from short-term side effects to long-term disabilities. It can range from a minor head injury to a major injury that you might suffer from a motorcycle accident.
The topic that I chose to focus on for this assignment was the social dysfunctions such as learning and behavior in relations to traumatic brain injuries specifically within young adults and children. These traumatic injuries can range from a concussion to cracking one’s skull open during a fall. After reading the articles listed in the reference page, I have learned that those suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI) have a drastic change in their quality of life. It becomes harder for these children to act the way they are supposed to or learn the way they did prior to the incident (Ryan, N., Catroppa, C., p. 196). It was surprising to learn that depending on your environment post TBI your recovery can be changed. Research has shown that if a child’s environment consists of caring and supportive family members, teachers, and peers a child can have a full recovery; including normal behavior and no social dysfunctions. However, if a child is surrounded in negativity, the risks of social impairment are a lot higher.
Every 15 seconds an individual in the United States suffers from a traumatic brain injury. These equivalents approximately 1.5 to 2 million traumatic brain injuries every year (The Franklin Institute, 2004). Nearly 300,000 sports-related traumatic brain injuries, otherwise called TBI's, happen every year in the United States (CDC, 2013). Because of the abnormal state of contact included in games, competitors included in games, for example, football, hockey and boxing are at critical danger of TBI. Head injuries are additionally to a great degree regular in sports, for example, cycling, baseball, b-ball and skateboarding. Unfortunately, numerous games head wounds lead to lasting cerebrum harm or more terrible. Traumatic
An expanding area of occupational therapy (OT) practice that I have considerable interest in is the rehabilitation of veterans who have suffered a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). The field of occupational therapy made considerable advances and experienced a boom in theory advancement internationally following World War I, World War II, and the Vietnam War when servicemen were returning with considerable physical and cognitive disabilities (Peloquin & Punwar, 2000). Unable to financially contribute to their households, as well as socially readapt, veterans were in need of professionals who could provide new avenues of productivity, as well as strategies for daily
People in West Virginia, and throughout the U.S., commonly suffer traumatic brain injuries. In 2010, patients were diagnosed with these types of injuries in 2.2 million emergency department visits, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Generally, occurring when people suffer a blow, bump or jolt to their bodies or heads, traumatic brain injuries may be caused by any number of factors. This may include motor vehicle collisions, falls, assaults, and other types of accidents. Regardless of how they are sustained, these types of injuries may have lasting implications for those who suffer them, and their families.
1.5 million people in the United State of America have a traumatic brain disorder (TBI). These disorders have symptoms of memory dysfunction, depression and anxiety; Dr. Byrnes and her team at the Uniformed Services University have examined mouse models to find the cellular mechanisms for these symptoms.
A traumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs when sudden penetration trauma happens to the head. I’m writing this paper based on my personal experience with my traumatic brain injury. This is my story. When I nine, we were getting ready to go camping, when my neighbors came over and said they wanted to play. The day started out pretty good until my neighbor threw a rock at my head. My mom brought me to the local clinic, here in Hartford, where Jan told my mom that “It is nothing, and just take her home and let her take a nap.” My mom knew better though, she rushed me to the ER where I was taken to surgery right away. While I was having my surgery the doctors came out and gave my mom the waiver that stated if I died on the operating table it wouldn’t
Traumatic brain injury or TBI happens when a bump, blow, jolt, or other head injury causes damage to the brain. Every year, millions of people suffer from brain injuries. More than half are bad enough that people have to go to the hospital. The worse injuries can lead to permanent brain damage or even death. Half of all TBIs are from motor vehicle accidents. Most common are also from sports, like boxing and football.
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), often called concussions, are very common occurrences in children. These are bruises in the brain which occur when an impact to the head causes the brain to shake back and forth against the skull. Children, including preschoolers, toddlers, and even infants, often bruise or bump their heads from variety of methods, including motor vehicle or bicycle accidents, falls from heights (beds, stairs, etc.), and sport related impacts (Duhaime et al., 1992). Occasionally, these impacts can be hard enough and result in a TBI.
Affecting an estimated 4 million people worldwide (NIH), Parkinson’s is one of the less common nervous system disorders. Despite its rarity, Parkinson’s is largely researched because there is no cure and few effective treatments. It also has a big impact on quality of life for those afflicted. This disease usually shows up after age 40 and occurs when the brain cells that are responsible for motor skills die. Symptoms include tremors, inability to move, and impaired cognitive function, all of which worsen over time. Because this is a condition that affects the brain, if an effective treatment can be established, treatments for other more common conditions such as Alzheimer’s may soon follow. This makes it a critical topic for today’s doctors and scientists.