Treatment During Childhood Case Study

• the dose to give and how often it may be repeated before referring to the resident’s doctor

A nurse should maintain doses administration as per repeated cycle of frequencies every 4 hours or 3 hours per day. Guidelines that facilitate the administration of time-critical

The aim of the pharmacology is pain management. The medications given are able to reduce the frequency and severity of the attacks seen with the disease. One of the medication is corticosteroids which is able to cut an attack time short. Corticosteroids, such as Prednisone, are a class of drug based of a component of the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal axis that control immune responses and reduce inflammation. The mechanism of action of the class is reducing the body’s autoimmune response and inhibits it from attacking its own tissues as it does in MS. The decrease in time and inflammation can result in decrease damage to the brain and spinal cord leading to a reduce progression of the disease. The steroids should only be used for a short period of time because long-term side effects. Some side effects include insomnia, headache, and suppression of immune system. The steroids sometime has to be given in combination therapy with antibiotics such as Sulfamethoxazole to fight possible infections. The chance of infections increases with the suppression of the immune system. Other drugs take care of symptoms such as muscle spasms, incontinence, and

It has the correct fluid amount for the patient and providing an appropriate balance of electrolytes.

They have been shown to play a role in the body’s stress response system and reduces inflammation. Corticosteroids are produced in the body by in adrenal gland near the kidneys. Some corticosteroids are currently used to treat inflammation of the airway passages for asthma patients. Some of the common drugs are Prednisone, Plumicort and Advair. These drugs are inhale by the patient. Corticosteroids can also be applied topologically to treat inflammation of rashes like poison ivy, arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. While the side effects of Corticosteroids are not as severe as Anabolic steroids, there are serious side effects associated with taking them. Patients may experience rapid weight gain (especially in the face or neck), fever, depression, vision changes, dry mouth, muscle pain/weakness or

I would like to include that Proventil is prescribed as needed. It is a bronchodilator that stimulate beta 2 to cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles and also a short acting relief inhaler used to rescue attack. Rita should use Proventil inhaler before she uses any other inhaler. If used frequently, it will trigger beta 1 reaction which will increase Rita’s heart rate, force of contraction and could cause nervousness. Corticosteroids (prednisone) is given by mouth. Since the doctor ordered prednisone 60mg taper dose, the nurse will teach Rita how to taper (decrease) dose every 2-3 days to avoid systemic effects when the medication is used for long period of time. Do not increase dosage or frequency of taking medication. Overuse

Management of DKA is centered upon main goals of volume resuscitation, the reversal of the metabolic acidosis, reduction in blood glucose, and the recognition and correction of the causative

17-hydroxyprogesterone levels should not be maintained in one way of treatment, since the doses of glucocorticoid that may cause Cushing’s syndrome. Rather, 17- hydroxyprogesterone levels should be partially suppressed to the range of 90 to 1000 mg per deciliter (4 to 33 nmol per liter). only in Androstenedione and testosterone levels are very important in prepubertal children Pubertal development should be monitored by regular periodic charts, Radiographs shows skeletal maturations of the hand and wrist for bone

3- Both hydrocortisone (1st line) methylprednisolone (3rd line in patient with hypokalemia, and fluid overload) can be used for treatment of adrenal crisis, however, the patient was already on a high dose methylprednisolone and adding more to achieve mineralocorticoids activity might not be

In general, low dosage Glucocorticoid therapy has minor side effects associated with it; however more serious side effects may also result from high dosage or prolonged administration.

(Igual-Adell et al., 2004).It has also been registered as the drug of choice in the World Health Organization’s list of essential drugs for the treatment of human strongyloidiasis (Albonico et al., 1999).The dosage generally recommended is of 200 mm/kg of body weight administered orally once daily for 1-2 days (Mejia and Nutman, 2012). Treatment is repeated if necessary 2-3 weeks after the first course to ensure eradication of infection (Segarra-Newnham, 2007). Although this is the standard dose administered for the treatment of the disease but the dosing interval and the length of therapy depends on the stage of diagnosis and the severity of the diseases. Also the prompt treatment is essential for improving the patient outcome. Moreover, combined therapy using ivermectin and thiabendazole or ivermectin and albendazole has been recommended in patients with disseminated disease (Segarra-Newnham, 2007). It is important to note there is an issue with Oral absorption of ivermectin in severe strongyloidiasis patients due to hypoalbuminemia, paralytic ileus and sometimes increased drug clearance (Turner et al., 2005). In such cases, it is administered subcutaneously or rectally. The dose for the subcutaneous ivermectin administration is different from the oral administration of the drug. Prescribed dosage

The discovery of cortisone began in 1929 at the Mayo Clinic with Hench who is a rheumatologist, and Kendall who is a biochemist. In the 1930s, Kendall succeeded in isolating 6 hormones from bovine adrenal glands and identified each by a letter (A to F). Their attention was diverted to Compound E (cortisone). In 1948, the first patient was given Compound E and miraculously, similar results were observed in 30 patients seen at the Mayo Clinic over the next 7 months. Thus in 1949, Hench gave Compound E the generic name “cortisone” which is also known as “cortisol”. Cortisol RIAs rapidly gained popularity in the 1970s which is 13 years after Berson and Yallow developed the first insulin RIA.

For decades the gold standard in pain management treatment has been steroid injections for spinal or extremity pain issues. These cortisone injections work well with excellent results over 75% of the time. However, steroid injections do not alter the course of arthritis or soft tissue injury. They simply offer pain relief for a finite time period and then need to be repeated usually. In addition, there are significant limitations on the frequency with which corticosteroid injections may be performed due to potential adrenal gland problems

On page 158 in the e-book " Corticosteroids, such as prednisone (Deltasone), are steroid hormones used to treat a wide variety of inflammatory diseases. Inhaled corticosteroids helps prevent asthmatic attacks. Oral corticosteroids are used for the short-term management of acute severe asthma .

Indication: * = consider adding low-dose glucocorticoids (10 mg/day of prednisone or equivalent) in patients with moderate or high RA disease activity when starting traditional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and in patients with DMARD failure or biologic failure. † = also consider using short-term glucocorticoids (defined as <3 months treatment) for RA disease flares. Glucocorticoids should be used at the lowest possible dose and for the shortest possible duration to provide the best benefit-risk ratio for the patient. # = treatment target should ideally be low disease activity or remission. ** = tapering denotes scaling back therapy (reducing dose or dosing frequency), not discontinuing it and if done, must be