Treatment Of Anti Asthma Drug Worldwide Essay

β receptor agonists are used in the treatment of asthma and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) to relax the muscles in the air passages in the lungs. Salbutamol is a selective β2 adrenergic agonist, although this selectivity is relative and dose-dependent. This means that the selectivity is lost at high concentration and thus causing side-effects.

When an asthmatic takes an inhaler “Albuterol sulfate”, the medication works by reducing the inflammation in the airway paths “bronchi and bronchioles” of the lungs, allowing the patient to breath without constriction or symptoms of asthma.

Theophylline is one example of xanthine that is usually used to treat bronchial asthma through relaxing the airways. However, this drug may cause severe adverse effects because of its level in the blood. Thus, it is important to teach patient about the use of theophylline. Teach a patient that theophylline can help him to breath easier, decrease wheeze and short of breath if taken exactly as prescribed. The nurse should also tell the patient take the drug of an empty stomach with a full 8-ounc glass of water. If patient has a severe GI problem such as GI upset, nausea, vomiting, heartburn when taking the drug on an empty stomach, the patient may take the drug with food. The patient should swallow all the enteric-coated or time-release capsules. Educating the patient about other common effect of the drug includes restlessness, nervousness, and difficulty in sleeping because of the need of the body to adjust to the usage of this drug. The patient should not take any other stimulant in order to reduce the effect of theophylline on CNS. The nurse should tell the patient that a headache will go away as the patient get used to the drug. However, the patient should notify his physician if the headache is getting worse. The patient should also report any vomiting, severe abdominal pain, tachycardia, confusion, unusual tiredness, muscle twitching, rash, or hives to the physician. There are many drug and food interaction, thus the patient should consult with the doctor about his diet while using theophylline. Additionally, the patient should consult his smoking habit and the use of any over-the-counter medication with the physician. Lastly, the patient should always tell any health care provider in his care about the use of theophylline and to keep the medication in a safe place (Karch, 2013, p.

A type of bronchodilator, aminophylline is a type of muscle relaxation medicine that helps lungs and chest circulate oxygen better. It is used to treat and prevent wheezing, restricted breathing and shortness of breath. The medicine is usually prescribed to those with bronchitis, asthma and lung diseases. As this medication requires a prescription, it is very important for a user to follow the instructions prescribed and take only at the times and the amount prescribed by his or her physician. Aminophylline can be in the form of liquid syrup, a pill or a cream. How this drug works is by making the lungs less sensitive to any allergens or foreign substances that may be inhaled, thus causing the muscles to relax in the chest and lungs and opening up the air passages so that breathing can be easier. It also increases the contractions in the diaphragm which aids better breathing patterns.

Discuss the roles of medications, ICS for long term anti-inflammatory effect and Beta adrenergic for immediate bronchial dilation.

Avoiding and controlling asthma triggers is important in every phase of the intervention process in order to manage the disease. However, many times because of lack of awareness and education, asthma

The effect of asthma can range from mild, irregular symptoms causing minor problems for an individual to severe and sudden asthma attacks. The extent of what causes asthma is not well known or fully understood but some common triggers include, cold temperatures, dust mites, cockroaches, pollen, sickness, mould and animal hair. When triggered, the airways in the lungs become inflamed and constricted causing shortness of breath, chest pain and wheezing [R]. Currently, there is no cure for asthma however symptoms can be managed with medication and improved living standards [R]. Asthma symptoms are commonly controlled with the use of inhalers, either preventers (taken to desensitizes airways to triggers) or relievers (provides instant relief by relaxing the muscles) [16].

Particular caution needs to be taken with the use of theophylline in older people because of differences in pharmacokinetics, the increased likelihood of comorbidities and the use of other medications.

They studied the OTC drugs salbutamol sulfate, formoterol fumarate, and salmeterol xinafoate in vitro by [C-14}-TEA uptake into Proxima(Calu-3) and distal (A549 and NCI-H441) lung epithelial cells and found that it was significantly reduced by the attendance of these OTC drugs. They also confirmed that these drugs make the transport responsible for the beta 2 agonist interaction challenging. “the expression of all five members of the OCT/N family has been confirmed in human pulmonary epithelial cells in situ and in

Asthma is best described as a chronic inflammation the pulmonary lower airways because of hyperresponsiveness of lower airway obstructions that is usually reversible (Fireman, 2003). Asthma is triggered by cold air, exercise, viral upper respiratory infections, cigarette smoking, and respiratory allergens. One in 12 people in the United States has been diagnosed with asthma which is approximately 25 million people which accounts for 8% of the total population (AAAAI, 2016). It is estimated that the average cost for care of asthma in the United States is about $3,300.00 yearly in related medical expenses, missed school, missed worked days and early death (AAAAI, 2016). The purpose of this paper is to describe the long-term treatment

Bunting BA, Cranor CW. The Asheville project: long-term clinical, humanistic, and economic outcomes of community-based medication therapy management program for asthma. J Am Pharm Assoc 2006;46:133-147

Asthmatic individuals can suffer from a reduced quality of life that is both physical and psychological. It was estimated in 2009 that approximately 17.5 million adults, and 7.1 million children suffer from asthma. An estimated total cost of this disease in 2010 was $20.7 billion dollars (Quality, 2014). This paper will focus on Pathopharmacological foundations, pathophysiology, pharmacological treatments, and the social and environmental impacts of asthma on our communities and nation.

Her will to understand and achieve are prominent as she “had a clear vision of where the field of asthma epidemiology was going and she has worked very hard to be at the forefront of the field,” as noted by her associate Scott Weiss (Hyde, 2008). Fernando Martinez, her former mentor, describes her perseverance by saying, “Experts once told Erika to tone down her supposedly radical suggestions that various ‘nasties’ might have protective qualities” (Hyde, 2008). Nonetheless, those very same suggestions she expressed to the derision of other experts are now a deeply integral part of our knowledge of allergies and asthma. However, Von Mutius is not the only researcher to work against the views of experts of the time to reveal surprising and promising

Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) are montelukast, pranlukast, zafirlukast act mainly by inhibiting the binding of cysteinyl leukotrienes to their respective receptors present both in proinflammatory cells and smooth muscle. Ultimately, it reduces the asthmatic symptoms including airway inflammation, and bronchoconstriction. It is less efficient monotherapy when compared to ICSs for control of persistent asthma, but it play a major role in the treatment of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (Matsuse &

The generic name for Meptin is Procaterol Hydrochloride (C16H22N2O3 · HCl) [17]. Meptin is a long-acting beta-2-adrenergic receptor agonist that is used to control moderate to severe persistent asthma symptoms [18]. Since it is a long-acting beta agonist, it does not relieve sudden asthma symptoms; rather, it can only help the muscles in the bronchial tubes to relax. Furthermore, its effectivity does not show immediately, but work slowly over time. Moreover, this kind of medicine can improve asthma control only when used in combination with an inhaled corticosteroid medicine [19]. Excessive use of beta-stimulants may lead to arrhythmia and cardiac