Treatment Of Estrogen And Cardiovascular Disease

in contrast to the mechanism of action of anti-estrogens such as clomiphene (Clomid) or tamoxifen (Nolvadex), which block estrogen receptors in

Heart disease affects over five million Americans both male and female. Researchers have discovered that the differences in the growth of the heart and how diseases develop vary in males and females. Although both genders have many of the same risk factors, such as obesity, cigarette smoking, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome. Females are more likely to develop heart disease from elevated blood pressure due to menopause, having an autoimmune disease, or stress and depression. (Group, 2017)

Heart disease is the leading cause of fatality accounting for every one in four deaths in the United States (CDC, 2015). Even though cardiovascular disease affects men and women, it is more likely for women to pass away within the first year after a heart attack (The Gender, 2015). There are several different explanations proposed as to why this gender gap exists. A person’s genetic traits and habits can increase their risk for heart disease. In order to understand the risk factors for women, we must first understand what heart disease is. Then we can examine the risk factors of heart disease, the causes, and finally prevention and treatment.

If affects your fertility the most especially if you are in the child bearing age . Progestrone helps the uterus or womb to thicken to receive the fertilised egg and if it is not strong then baby will not be able to attach itself to the womb for full term.

Bioidentical hormones have the exact molecular structure of those endogenous or natural hormones in a person’s body and produce the same physiochemical responses. However, only a few women understand the importance of bioidentical hormones because they are mostly focused on the source of the hormones rather than the effects produced. If BHRT is not given appropriately, it may lead to different risks— memory loss, weight gain, fibrocystic breasts, mood

Estrogen plays many functions in our body. One of its primary functions is associated with skeletal growth and bone homeostasis, including the inhibition of bone reabsorption. In women affected by estrogen deficiency, the decrease levels trigger an increased production of cell mediators such as cytokines (interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and TNF) leading to the stimulation and proliferation of osteoclast precursors. Decreased level of estrogen also contributes to osteoclast differentiation via RANK pathways. Therefore, even in the presence of osteoblastic activity as a compensatory mechanism, to produce new bone formation, this activity cannot keep up with the higher rate of bone loss, leading to early osteoporotic

An estrogen supplement is also important for Margaret on the grounds that Estrogen is a sex hormone that is key to female bone health, promoting the activity of osteoblasts, which are cells that create bone. At the point when estrogen levels drop amid menopause, the osteoblasts aren't ready to viably deliver bone. Estrogen inadequacy is a key factor in the the pathogenesis of postmenopausal

Estrogen and its metabolites evidently have critical involvement in the pathogenesis of tumorigenesis/carcinogenesis. Early menarche, late menopause or estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) increases the risk of developing breast cancer due to the increased exposure to estrogen and dependence of tissue origin i.e., breast, cervix and endometrium. Three important molecules involved in estrogen regulation such as estrogen receptor (ER) which relays the estrogenic signal, estrogen sulfotransferase, inactivates the estrogen through sulfation, Sulfatase, activates estrogen by desulfation and Formylglycine generating enzyme which regulates STS activity. These three molecules were found to have altered expression or function in tumor/cancer cells compared to normal

Estrogen regulates growth and differentiation in multiple systems including reproductive system, mammary gland, lung, colon, nervous system, and immune system (Findlay 2001, hall 2001). The most prominent estrogens in mammalian species are estrone, estradiol and estriol. During the reproductive stage of life, 17beta-estradiol is the most predominent estrogen. In the menopausal stage, estriol is the primary form of estrogen (pascoe 1996).

This is supported by these quotes: "Many of you may or may not be aware, but high estrogen levels cause you to store more fat, which is obviously not healthy. However, diets that are high in saturated fats, especially on steroid cycles, can play havoc with your Testosterone to estrogen ratio... The excess estrogen is trying to turn your body into a female. This can cause an increase in breast tissue in a male, as well as other feminine properties." (Evolutionary.com), "Changes that can be reversed include reduced sperm production and shrinking of the testicles (testicular atrophy)." (NIH), and " In women, anabolic steroids can cause: facial hair growth and body hair, loss of breasts, swelling of the clitoris, and a deepened voice." (NHS

Estrogen in the therapy has a lot of clinical benefits. Results from studies indicate that it reduces atherosclerosis and low-density cholesterol. It elevates high-density cholesterol and improves coronary vasodilation. Platelet aggregation prevented and reduced fracturing is also observed in HRT use. HRT was also reduced cardiovascular event and related mortalities. HRT also does not increase the risk to stroke, common in old age as supported by the Schierbeck study in 1993 and follow up for the next sixteen years4. In women where menstruation occurs prematurely, osteoporosis is prevented through HRT. HRT also improves mood as it is neuroprotective, it preserves cognitive functioning and reduces the incidence of Alzheimer’s disease4.

"How Did this happen?" Georgia wonders holding Her now swollen stomach. See 3 weeks ago Georgia was actually Greg, but do to a chemical spill at his local dairy Greg's body started to over produce Estrogen at an alarming rate. By the next day he already so some worrying signs. First he tried to pass them off as not something he needed to worry about. Unfortunately by the end of the first week he could no longer deny something was up. His hair had grown 8 inch in the span of 2 days subsequently he had lost that much height at the same time he started to notice his pecs start to swell and his "Best friend" had started to dwindle. He went to the urgent care office in town and after the test of him and his home the found the tainted milk carton

Estrogen receptors: Estrogens act via two types of receptors (ERα and ERβ), which are members of a large super family of proteins that function as ligand-activated transcription factors (Katzenellenbogen and Katzenellenbogen, 1996). Both receptors have direct differentiative influences on reproductive organs and have similar binding affinity to estradiol (Kuiper et al., 1997; Drummond et al., 1999). Although, there are significant amino acid differences in the regions of these receptors that would be expected to influence transcriptional activity (Hall and McDonnell, 1999). More recently, two Estrogen-Related Receptors, (ERRα/ERR1) and (ERRβ/ERR2) have also been characterized.

However, chronic administration of the medicine eventually desensitizes the gland. Hence, production of FSH and LH is reduced which in turn stops or minimizes the production of estrogen in women and testosterone in men. The reduction of these hormones is taken advantage of and the conditions outlined at the begging of the article are managed; this is because most of the ailments depend on estrogen or testosterone to spread. It’s important to take note that at first, the symptoms of the ailment being treated for worsens or new ones develop. For example, in the case of prostate cancer, the drug causes urinary obstruction and bone pain before the tumors begin to shrink. It’s advisable to report to the medical care provider if you experience new symptoms or the existing ones become worse.

The aim of this practical was to discover the effects that numerous hormones and drugs have on