Treatment Of Malignant Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction

Sickle Cell Disease is an illness that affects people all across the globe. This paper will give a description of the sickness through the discussion of the causes, symptoms, and possible cures. Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is a "group of inherited red blood cell disorders."(1) These disorders can have various afflictions, such as pain, damage and a low blood count--Sickle Cell Anemia.

Sickle Cell Disease is an autosomal recessive genetic disease that occurs due to a mutation in the β-globin gene of hemoglobin. Autosomal meaning that it is not linked to a sex chromosome, so either parent can pass on the gene to their child. This mutation is a result of a single substitution of amino acids, Glutamic for Valine at position 6 of a β globin chain. The presence of this mutation causes

Sickle cell crisis is an acute form of sickle cell disease where pain and sickling are extensive (Byar, 2013). SCD is a genetic disease that predominantly affects black people of African decent (Gersten, 2016). Abnormal hemoglobin chains are the main issue with SCD (Byar, 2013). Normal hemoglobin chains are comprised of 99% hemoglobin A (HbA) however, in SCD an abnormal form of the gene, hemoglobin S (HbS) is present in approximately 40% of total hemoglobin (Byar, 2013). In order for a person to be born with SCD, both parents must carry the abnormal gene, HbS (Byar, 2013). HbS is extremely sensitive to the changes in oxygen amount of the RBC and when exposed to decreased oxygen the HbS cause the RBC to distort and become sickle-shaped,

This mutation paper is to give information on the Sickle Cell disease. This is a negative disease to have because the Sickle Cell Disease decreases the health of the person that has the disease and limits what they can and cannot do. Sickle Cell Disease is a red blood cell disease that causes ab normal hemoglobin to from in the veins. Hemoglobin is the protein that carries oxygen throughout the body to help with the respiratory system. The cause of the genetic mutation is inheritance or getting the disease from the parents the disease is found on chromosome 13 while the hemoglobin is still in beta phase on gene HB A. The disease typically shows symptoms within the first 5 to 6 months of birth and being diagnosed with Sickle Cell Disease. The symptoms include painful swelling on the hands and feet, and Jaundice, which causes a white color to form under the eyes, and turns the skin color yellow.

Cerebral vascular accidents are also known as strokes. Strokes can cause minimal to severe brain damage which can affect a person’s quality of life. This paper covers the definition, signs and symptoms, treatments, causes, prevention and what a nursing assistant can do to help someone recovering from a stroke.

According to the 2016 edition of the Oxford dictionary, to define someone or a group of people as vulnerable means that they are susceptible to physical or emotional harm (Vulnerable, 2016). One of the most recognized populations of vulnerable people are children; furthermore, by adding an inherited disease process, that decreases the immune system, would only increase the vulnerability of the population. Children with sickle cell anemia are highly susceptible to being attacked both physically and emotionally by foreign invaders that threaten their already fragile immune systems. During the process of “making hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in our red blood cells, a defect can occur when the amino acid glutamate is replaced by valine. This simple substitution can cause the red blood cell to sometimes collapse, assuming the characteristic sickle shape. The red blood cells, normally very elastic and able to conform to the shape of tiny capillary blood vessels, become rigid and can block the blood vessels, depriving tissue of oxygen and resulting in severe pain” (Stone, 2015). Sickle cell children must endure an incredible amount of pain, many hospitalizations, a pain management regimen, and the inability to experience the normal, everyday life that most of their peers participate in each day. Health care for sickle cell children is focused toward management because there is no cure and as their bodies run out of healthy red blood

Sammy Sickle is a 14-year-old boy who looks like a 6-year-old. He has a history of frequent episodes of sickle cell crisis, which have caused him to be very small in stature and weigh only 64 pounds. Sammy is the only member of his family to have this disease and it has not been present in any reported family history. Sammy has had frequent hospitalizations for sickle cell crises, and he should be in junior high school, but has missed so much school he is currently in grade four. Sammy estimates that he has received more than 30 units of blood and has had several transfusion reactions.

On November 3, 2014, client, JL, presented to the emergency department. The mother of the client reported increased “fussiness” and refusal to bear weight on right leg that started over the weekend. Client has history of Sickle Cell Disease which called for a routine complete blood count with differential to be conducted. Results were as follows: WBC-

Mr X, a 60 year- old Caucasian male, admitted to the stroke unit with a diagnosis Left MCA infract. He presented to the emergency department right sided hemiparesis, neglect of affected limbs, dysphasia and right side facial droop. He was on cardiac monitor for close observation for 48 hours. Stroke critical care pathway and commenced and care provided as per protocol.. Stroke is a serious and deadly condition including cerebral circulation within the brain and can extremely affect a person ability to maintain a safe environment, communication and mobility as well as other activities of living. The purpose of this essay is to give an overview of the Pathophysiology of ischaemic stroke, the required nursing care and the rationale behind it, followed by medical management and treatment provided to the patient.

This is a 3-years-old African American male, who presented to the Pediatric Comprehensive Hemoglobinopathy clinic at the University of Michigan C.S. Mott Children's Hospital on 01/25/2017 for a routine follow up visit accompanied by his father. M.H. was diagnosed with Homozygous SS Sickle Cell Disease since birth. Since, his last clinic visit on 7/28/2016, M.H. has been admitted for partial splenectomy in 8/23/2016. Then, in 12/23/2016 his parents brought him to the emergency department in henry ford hospital for mild rhinorrhea, occasional productive cough, temperature of 99 Fahrenheit and pain in his left hand. During

An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an abnormal collection of blood vessels in which arterial blood flows directly into the draining vein without the normal interposed capillaries. AVM are tangled anastomosis of blood vessels of varying calibre in which arteriovenous shunting occurs in a central nidus in which the area towards in which multiple feeding arteries converge and from which enlarged vein drains.1 They have a higher rate of bleeding than normal vessels. AVMs can occur anywhere in the body. Brain AVMs are of special concern because of the damage they cause when they bleed. The incidence of AVM is about 1 in 100,000 per year in unselected

Herrick. He had a West Indian student who was 20 years old come in to see him, Herrick didn’t know why or how it was caused but the doctor knew the symptoms. Sickle cell Anemia is when the body makes sickle shaped red blood cells and a sickle is basically the shape of a crescent, normal red blood cells are in the shape of a disc and looks like a doughnut without the hole in the middle of it. A normal red blood cell can move through a blood vessel easily while a sickle shaped cell are stiff and sticky and gets stuck in the blood vessel, also the sickle cell does not last as long as the regular blood cell does. A German scientist named Felix Hoppe-Seyler had shown that the red substance inside the red blood cell takes up and release oxygen in which humans need oxygen to process their food. The red substance inside the red blood cell he named hemoglobin because the substance was a two- part, iron containing protein in which the two parts of the hemoglobin are heme which is the part that combines with oxygen, picking it up in the lungs. Since the cell is shaped as a sickle they can create a blockade in the body which can cause a stroke or heart attack if causing blockage of blood vessels to the brain or heart.

Symptoms include pain in the joints or suddenly in the chest, dizziness, low oxygen in the body, inflamed fingers and toes, shortness of breath, and even yellow skin and eyes. (Powars, 1) Not all of the symptoms will happen to one patient, but these are a possibilities. Swollen hands and feet may be the first signs of sickle cell in infants. Dangers of sickle cell would be the organs it can effect. It can damage the kidneys, lungs, and spleen and it also effects red blood cells. Sickle cell can even cause vision problems by the sickle shaped cells clogging tiny blood vessels. This can even damage eyes. Because of unhealthy, sickle shaped, red blood cells, it can delay growth in children and delay puberty in teenagers. (What Is Sickle Cell Disease?, 1) Now what everyone wants to know… Is there a cure? Sadly there are no known cures (yet), but treatments and medications may help. Treatments include blood transfusions, medications, and very rarely a bone marrow transplant, but that is a high risk operation. ("Sickle Cell Disease: What Is It?", 1) The disease may respond positively to treatments, but sickle cell itself won’t go

Sickle cell disease is a severe genetic disorder resulting from a point mutation of glutamic acid to valine at position 6 in the beta globin chain. the formation of sickle hemoglobin which polymerizes in deoxygenated state and generates deformed red blood cells (RBCs). These altered red blood cells can obstruct the blood vessels causing vaso-occlusion complications- episodes of pain, organ injury, and mortality. It is worth noticing that the most common clinical manifestation of SCD is vaso-occlusive crisis and the current management of sickle cell disease is symptomatic, with the lack of any specific

For this weeks’ discussion I chose one of the genetic condition called sickle cell anemia. It is amazing to have understanding of cell reproduction and how unequal crossing over can cause different disorders or diseases. Sickle cell anemia is the result of a mutation at the 6th codon of the β gene (Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology, 2015). The mutation causes the hemoglobin in red blood cells to distort to a sickle shape when deoxygenated. The signs and symptoms will vary from person to person and can change over time. The symptoms during sickle cell crisis includes acute or severe pain, anemia, chest pain and difficulty breathing, joint pain, severe infections, and blockage of blood flow in the liver or spleen.