Trephining Research Paper

Exorcism rituals were also practiced, mostly for mental issues. Vile tasting medicines were often used in these processes, usually foul-tasting plants with the excreta of animals (Di Stefano, Vincent). The priests and physicians would often chant incantations and wave around sticks to drive out the spirit (“Ancient Egyptian Medicine”). In the Hearst Papyrus, written in 1450, there is a spell for the cure of Asiatics. It reads: “Who is all-knowing like Re?

Physicians needed a way to get to the veins of their patients quickly, so several tools were fabricated over the centuries, ensuring a swift puncture; even some punctures with a measurable degree of incision. These tools consisted of lancets and scarifications, which opened the vein; then there were cupping cups and leeches, which allowed a more localized draw from the capillaries. Davis and Apel state, "in the eighteenth century, delicate mechanical spring lancets and scarifications were invented to replace the simpler thumg lancets and fleams." Lancets are surgical knives that bore the greatest amount of liquid; creating an opening approximately one-fifth of an inch. Spring-loaded lancets were the easiest to use because they made consistent cuts whose cuts varied depending on the skill of the physician. Scarificators were brass boxes with a lever on top that released a set of blades which snapped out of slits on the base; offering a consistent depth and length of an incision. Cupping cups were heated while placed on the patients skin. As the cup cooled on the skin, a vacuum type of energy

Cutting through the mink to study its anatomy helps the group to realize that they are similar to human. The most important tools used in the lab are scissor, probe, pins, tweezer, and scapula. The most tool being used is scapula which is used to cut up the mink and skin it. Safety materials are required in the lab in order to avoid accident. Since the minks contain cancerous chemicals on them, the classes are required to wear safety goggles, apron, and gloves. The class started the dissection from May 18th to May 27th in third period of Anatomy class.

Also during that time period a common treatment for such disorders included a procedure known as trephining. This procedure included chipping a hole into the skull of the afflicted person. This procedure has endured through time and is still used today in a more refined way to treat medical problems like migraines and skull fractures. When dealing with mental afflictions, Ancient Egyptians recommended modern methods like engaging in recreational activities like dancing, and painting. In the past it has also been common to lock up in jails or dungeons individuals who were mentally ill and who acted out. In the 17th century drugs like laudanum, unguents, opium grains were used as sedatives to ease the torment that mentally ill individuals would endure. At certain points in time, the mentally ill were housed in monasteries up until asylums were created and used to hold these individuals.

The device is referred to as the punch hence the name of the procedure. It works by cutting the edges of the scar and stitching them back together in an attempt to eradicate the pit, in most cases this does work although there will be still be scars from the stitching. However this procedure is now being conducted alongside skin regenerating accelerators so the new scars are smoothed out quickly.

One view of abnormal behavior is the Stone Age cave dwellers earliest attempt to treat mental disorders. In order to treat this disorder a shaman, or medicine man performed an operation. This operation is now known as "trephining." When performing trephining a crude stoned instrument is used. Using the stoned instrument, the shaman or medicine man chips away at the area of the skull in a circular pattern until it cuts through the skull. This opening is called a "trephine." The trephine allowed the evil spirit to escape.

During the procedure, that patient is anesthetized, either under general anesthesia (such as for trauma, strokes, or a number of other procedures) or local anesthesia so that the patient may be awake for the procedure (such as for some tumor removals or seizure treatments to tissue damage that would impair the patient or electrocorticography). The patient’s head is shaved, the incision site is marked, and the surgical area is sterilized. The patient’s head is placed in a device to hold it in place during the procedure. A craniotomy drape is placed over the patient, leaving the patient ready for the procedure.

A Craniotomy/Trepanation is a procedure where they remove some parts of the bone from the patient’s skull to uncover the brain. Tools are then used to cut out the bone section, called bone flap. The bone flap is briefly cleared away, then restored after the brain surgery is completed. There are many purposes of doing this kind of procedure to a patient; including treatment of brain treatments, clearing away blood clots, helping with

Using a hand tool or ultrasonic device, tarter and scales on your teeth above the gumline is removed

There are three approaches for insertion of TAVR. The Transfemoral, an incision is made in the leg and then passes through the femoral artery. Transapical, a small incision made into the chest between the ribs and apex (lowest point of heart). Transaortic or transthoracic, an incision is made in the superior (upper) portion of the chest. Each approach varies patient to patient.

In an "open" rhinoplasty, the specialist cuts instantly underneath the nose in a range called the columella.

“Seven Thousand years ago, people thought that when someone had a psychological problem it was caused by evil spirits. Ancient healers would chip a hole into the person’s skull through a procedure called trephining with crude instruments to allow those spirits to escape from the person’s body.” (Feldman, 2015)

Anatomical Structures that were seen; Orbital floor fracture, Frontal Bone, Frontal Sinuses, Frontal lobe, Sphenoid bone, Ethmoid Sinuses, Sella Turcica, Clivus, Anterior arch of C-1, Alantooccipital joint. Cervical Spine #1, 2, and 3, Tongue, Soft Tissues, Vomer, Mental Mandible, Hard Palate, Maxillary, Odontoid Process Epiglottis, Alveolar process of Mandible, Esophagus, maybe an earring.

If I knew what I know now I would of taken just taken my practicum class instead I’m taking the practicum class along with another class, working fulltime and working at my practicum. Yesterday my husband and I went and bought an elliptical, I have no time to get out to a gym therefore it was worth the money. Furthermore, I feel if I can relieve some of the stress by exercising it will help me to sleep better, have more energy, and feel better about myself. Thereby helping me to get through my long days and nights. An article on burnout provided 10 points on how to keep it from happening, suggested always being aware of it’s invisible symptoms like skipping workouts or canceling social events therefore when we see it happening force yourself

Thyroidectomy set used during procedure this include: Thyroid procedure tray, Tracheostomy tray, Spring retractor. Light angle clamps with fine points, (2) lahey clamps, Bipolar forcep and cord, Jacobs fine tips, Thyroid clamp, Tenotomy scissors, Metzenbaum, 2-right angle(1)long and (1) small, 2-Debakeyes, 2- Adson with teeth, 2- cushing vein,1-weithlaner, 1- Frazier suction tubing, 2-Needle holder,2-Tonsil schnidt, 2-Babcock,2-kocher,6-Allis, 6-Mosquito and right angle mixture.