Essay on Triple Jump Biomechanics

* The bending of the knees and the use of the leg muscle groups to perform the skill.

balance of the body also flexion on the back leg when the ball is being released ending in a plantar flexion position .

In order for maximum force to be generated, a tennis player needs a good stable base from where they can begin the movement. The tennis serve begins with flexion of the knee joint caused by the hamstrings. Then comes extension of the knees as well as hip flexion to start the movement - both of these movements are initiated by the quadriceps. The Erector Spinae muscle causes trunk extension to allow the abdominals to fully flex the trunk and generate the force that is then transferred to the upper body. The deltoids and pectorals major are used to flex the shoulder. These muscles are used to accelerate the whole arm while also stabilising the shoulder. Once the arm has begun to accelerate towards the ball, the tricep brachii is then used to

*John Guido and Sherry Werner make a point that “The stride leg functions to dynamically stabilize the hip and knee joints in a single leg stance to maintain standing posture for

Analyzing Sotomayor’s record breaking jump it can be broken down into four separate sections. Firstly the initial approach to the breakpoint, breakpoint to the takeoff, take off to the peak and lastly the peak to the landing. In the initial approach Sotomayor builds speed for his jump, this speed is used as the initial horizontal velocity and is maintained by his large bounding strides. When he begins to break for his takeoff, the speed is farther increased in order to generate power for his take off. The horizontal velocity is then converted to vertical velocity by a quick last step and driving his knee upward and outward to create a slight rotational motion placing the bar behind him. After he is in the air, Sotomayor looks back at the mat arching his back moving the center of his mass outside of his body while at the panicle of his jump. Then drives his shoulders down bringing his legs over quickly for the record breaking near perfect

“The analysis of movement provides an athlete with optimal development as well as minimising the risk of developing injuries through the incorrect execution of a movement” (Ackland, Elliott & Bloomfield, 2009, p 301).

In this phase the athlete is standing in a neutral position holding the ball. The metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal (great and lesser toes) are held at slight flexion pressed against the ground by an isometric contraction of the flexor halluces longus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum longus. The ankle is plantar flexed using an isometric contraction of the gastrocnemius and the soleus. The tibiofermoral (knee) joints are slightly flexed by a isomectric contraction of the quadriceps muscles (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius). The acetabularfemoral (hip) joint is held at a postion of slight flexion through an isometric contraction of the biceps femoris, pectineus, iliacus, and the psoas. The intervertebral (lumbar) joint is extended by an isometric contraction using the erector spinae. The atlantooccipital (cervical spine) joint is flexed by an isometric contraction erector spinae. Both scapulothroracic (shoulder girdle) joint is protracted by an isometric contraction of the serratus anterior and pectoralis minor. The glenohumeral (shoulder) joint is at internal rotation by an isometric contraction using the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, and the subscapularius. The humeroulnar (elbow) joint is at 90 degrees of flexion by an isometric contraction using the biceps brachii, brachioradialis, and brachialis. The radiocarpal (wrist left and right)

Jumping (bilateral): Hip and knee is in extension, while ankle is in plantar flexion, and shoulder abduction and flexion while in the air.

Bonnechere and all’s purpose of writing this article was to “ [share] a biomechanical analysis of three different sprint start patterns to

This experiment was completed in order to compare calf circumference as well as weight to jump height. If a person has larger calves then they will likely be capable of reaching a higher vertical height. It can also be shown that since males tend to have larger calves, they can jump higher. A larger calf circumference is more likely to reflect a high vertical jump due to the fact that the fat content of the calves in the experiment was accounted for, therefore a large calf measurement in this experiment means a muscular calf. It is common knowledge that more muscle will result in stronger legs leading to a higher vertical.

Once the ball is fielded, the athlete will jump forward off of their right leg if they a right handed thrower to continue their momentum towards the target. The important parts of this stage are fielding the ball cleanly and continuing all of their momentum forward. These are the two things coaches and players are really looking to accomplish. The momentum will be talked about later in the paper as it is one of the important biomechanical concepts incorporated in this movement. In this stage, the athlete will field the ball with their glove positioned directly under their shoulder with the webbing of the glove on the ground. This is to make sure the ball rolls into the glove and not under it. The athlete is flexed at both the hips, knees and spine to accomplish getting the glove on the ground. With the hips being flexed, this means the athlete’s pelvis will be anteriorly rotated. The right ankle will be dorsiflexed and the left ankle will be plantarflexed so the athlete can continue his momentum forward to get power on his throw. The glove hand wrist is neither flexed or extended but in a neutral position. The fingers of the glove are extended though in order to open up the webbing of the glove and trap the ball inside. The forearm is supinated to allow for the webbing to be opened towards where the ball is coming from. The athlete’s elbow is extended and their shoulder is flexed on

The first type of jump is called a toe touch, in a toe touch your arms are straight out and a little bit in front of your shoulders. Then, when you jump your legs are straight and they go up behind your arms. The next type of jump is a pike; in a pike your arms in fists. Then, when you jump your legs stay together and come up to your arms. Another jump is a hurdler; in a hurdler your arms up by your ears the one of your legs kicks up to your nose and the other leg bends behind you like it is kicking your shoulders.The next jump is a hurkey; in a hurkey you put your arms like you would in a toe touch then when you jump you kick one leg up behind your arm and you bend the other leg to your side. The last basic cheerleading jump is called a double nine; in a double nine you bend your leg to the side of your knee then, you bend your arm to the middle of your other arm to make a nine

2001, Withrow, Huston et al. 2006). Quadriceps inserts on the proximal-anterior part of tibia and isolated contraction of the muscle will cause anterior translation of tibia in relation to femur, putting strain on the ACL and possibly rupture the ligament (Renström, Arms et al. 1986, DeMorat, Weinhold et al. 2004, Withrow, Huston et al. 2006). Furthermore, landing and cutting manoeuvres produce abduction, adduction and rotational torques about the hip and knee (Besier, Lloyd et al. 2001). Without an opposing force to these torques the loaded leg(s) will be forced into the valgus position with the femur adducted and internally rotated, the tibia externally rotated and the knee abducted further increasing strain on the ACL (Markolf, Burchfield et al. 1995). Ireland (2002) has characterized this the position of no return, unassumingly because it habitations the stabilizing muscles of the knee in a mechanical disadvantage disabling them from re-establishing a sound posture. I should notate that several studies have associated this position of no return to an increased risk of knee injury. Female athletes exhibit increased knee valgus 6 movement patterns during landing and cutting activities compared to male athletes (Chappell, Yu et al. 2002, Ford, Myer et al. 2003, Zeller, McCrory et al. 2003, Olsen,

The placement of the non kicking foot determines the direction of the kick. The support leg also acts as a stabilizer by flexing at the knee once the foot makes contact with the ground. (Lees, Asai, Andersen, Nunome & Sterzing, 2010) Pictured below in Figures 1 and 2 are two different athletes with very diverse abilities. You can see both the direction of the planted foot and the flexion of the knee in both players.

The right foot needs to be on the edge of the court, on the ten foot line, on the left side. All of your weight needs to be on the right foot, you can even have your left foot off the ground if that helps. The arms need to be down, and relaxed in front of you. As soon as the ball is at its highest peak in the air, take your first step. The first step with the left foot is a long step in the direction of the ball, and your arms stay relaxed. The second step is a quick step with the right foot, your arms should swing back behind you in order to gain momentum. The last step is also a quick step with the left foot, your arms should come up quickly above your head, and you should jump into the air.