Triple X Syndrome Research Paper

Sickle Cell anemia is a type of anemia- A condition where there aren’t enough healthy blood cells to carry adequate amounts of oxygen throughout the body. It is also known as Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). Normally red blood cells (RBC(s)) have a round shape, making them very flexible and giving them the ability to travel through your veins easily. However, when a person has sickle cell anemia, red blood cells become rigid and develop a crescent-like shape. This shape makes it hard for blood cells to travel through the body’s tiny veins. Thus, the crescent-shaped cells often get stuck in tight spots of the body and result in serious blood clots.

Sickle cell anemia occurs when a person inherits two abnormal genes (one from each parent) that cause their red blood cells to change shape. Instead of being flexible and round, these cells are more rigid and curved in the shape of the farm tool known as a sickle - that's where the disease gets its name. The shape

Sickle Cell anemia is a group of inherited red blood cell disorders, or a collection of recessive genetic disorders characterized by a hemoglobin variant called Hb S. Normal red blood cells are round like doughnuts, and they move through small blood tubes in the body to deliver oxygen. Sickle red blood cells become hard, sticky and shaped like sickles used to cut wheat. When these hard and pointed red cells go through the small blood tube, they clog the flow and break apart. This can cause pain, damage and a low blood count, or anemia. There is a substance in the red cell called hemoglobin that carries oxygen inside the cell. One little change in this substance causes the hemoglobin to form long hard rods in the red cell when it gives

The disease is caused by a mutated version of the gene that help makes hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells. Sickle cell is a disorder in the blood caused by abnormal hemoglobin proteins. The abnormal hemoglobin protein caused sickle cell shaped red blood cells. The sickle cell red blood cells are crescent shapes and can clog up very easily in blood canals. In the diagram to the right it shows how a mutation causes a change in the amino acid.

Sickle-Cell Anemia is an inherited, chronic blood disease in which the body produces abnormally shaped red blood cells. When the blood cells become crescent/sickle shaped, they are unable to deliver adequate amounts of oxygen to other cells. Also, these unusual “sickle” cells block blood pathways to the limbs and organs, limiting the amount of blood flowing throughout the body. It causes pain, organ damage, and anemia (low blood count). Unfortunately, however, when sufferers are born with this disease, they live life knowing it is incurable.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited and noncontagious, lifelong condition. More specifically, per Ohaeri, Shokunbi, Akinlade, & Dare, 1995, SCD is a generic term for a group of genetic disorders characterized by the predominance of sickle cell hemoglobin (Hgb). Hemoglobin is a protein in the red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. The disease produces significantly abnormal Hgb molecules in red blood cells (RBCs). In sickle cell anemia, the red blood cells become rigid and sticky and are shaped like sickles or crescent moons. These irregularly shaped cells can get stuck in small blood vessels, which can slow or block blood flow and oxygen to parts of the body (Ohaeri, Shokunbi, Akinlade, & Dare, 1995, p. 955.Individuals

Sickle Cell Trait hereditary pattern is autosomal recessive. Meaning two copies of Sickle Cell Trait must be present for the disease to be expressed. People who inherited a single copy of Sickle Cell Trait express no disease and live normal lives. Both copies of Sickle Cell Trait cause a SNP mutation in the Hemoglobin Beta Gene, located on chromosome 11q15. A single thymine molecule gets replaced by a adenine molecule. This single molecule mutation causes the person to produce mutated Beta-Globin. Beta-Globin is an essential piece of of the protein Hemoglobin, a single Hemoglobin protein is comprised of two Beta-Globins and two Alpha

Sickle cell anaemia describes a hereditary autosomal recessive disorder that affects a protein found in red blood cells (erythrocytes) called haemoglobin. This disease results in 100% of blood cells becoming sickle shaped. The co-dominant sickle cell disease entails half of the erythrocytes becoming sickle shaped and the remaining half as normal biconvex structures, however, these people are carriers and can pass the disease or anaemia onto their offspring. Prevalence of significant morbidity and mortality of sickle cell disease is clear in Africa, the Mediterranean, India, Central America and the Carribean, with estimates suggesting 250 000 children are born annually with sickle cell anaemia (reference). Haemoglobin ss the autosomal recessive genotype, inherited from both parents, causes the phenotype of sickle cell anaemia. When erythrocytes become rigid and sticky, they cannot flow smoothly through small vessels, consequently, slowing or blocking blood flow and oxygen around the body. This prevents oxygen from reaching vital organs such as the spleen, liver, lugs, heart and kidneys, causing extensive damage as lack of oxygen results in cell death.(1) Sickle cells only live an

Sickle cell anemia affects millions of people worldwide. Sickle cell anemia is a disease in which your body produces abnormally shaped red blood cells. They don't last as long as normal, round red blood cells, which leads to anemia. Sickle cells contain abnormal hemoglobin that causes the cells to have a sickle shape. Sickle-shaped cells don’t move easily through your blood vessels. They’re stiff and sticky and tend to form clumps and get stuck in the blood vessels. The sickle cells also get stuck in blood vessels, blocking blood flow. This can cause pain and organ damage. Sickle cell disease is caused by a mutation in the

Sickle Cell Disease is a genetic blood disorder that’s passed down to a child at birth from their parents. Babies inherit two abnormal genes one from each parent which causes the red blood cells to become deformed and change shape. Genes are elements is the cell that allows certain information determining traits like eye, hair color, etc. Normal rbc’s are flat, flexible, round with dimples in the middle taking on a doughnut like shape. These cells are able to move throughout the blood vessels suppling oxygen all over the body. Sickle rbc’s are long, stiff pointed ends, taking on an old farm tool called a sickle. Which is where its name derived from. These sickle shaped cell begin to bunch together causing a backup in the blood vessels causing

Sickle Cell is a disease that you hear about, but not as often as you should. It is an inherited disease, “the name derives from the red cells in the blood of sufferers and they take on the shape on a sickle (crescent shape).” Another name for sickle cell is sickle cell anemia, because in some cases people become anemic. With this disease comes low levels of hemoglobin, which is the red substance in your blood that contains iron and carries oxygen. Due to the irregular shaped cells this can cause blockage and prevent normal blood flow, this prevents the cells carrying oxygen around the body properly. Shortage of oxygen can lead to damage that can occur in almost just about any organ in the body. Sickle cell is found more often in African Americans. It is said that the disease originated from Africa and most common in West Africa.

Sickle cell anemia is a disease that deals with hemoglobin, the protein that aids in oxygen transport from organ to organ, in red blood cells. Normally red blood cells have a biconcave shape that attributes to a maximum capacity of hemoglobin, but in cases of sickle cell anemia, red blood cells are structured, fragile, and crescent-shaped, minimizing the capacity of hemoglobin, creating an obstacle for them not to rupture, and making it difficult for them to travel through some blood vessels. Because of the irregular shape of effected red blood cells, people with sickle cell anemia are more prone to form blood clots causing organ damage.

The most well known type of the condition is called Monosomy. Monosomy occurs when there is only one x chromosome. In this case, something went completely wrong with a mother’s egg or a father’s sperm. The second most common type of Turner syndrome is called Mosaicism. Mosaicism occurs when there is an error in cell division before birth, thus creating two different copies of x chromosomes. In some cases, there is one complete copy of an x chromosome and one partial copy of an x chromosome. There is a fairly rare case of Turner syndrome where some cells have one x chromosome and a part of a y chromosome. Through research, it has been found that there are no racial or ethnic influences that causes TS. Women and children struck with this type of Turner syndrome develop biologically as a female, but this highers the risk of contracting a cancer called

Sickle cell disease is a hereditary hemoglobin defect that occurs in people of African and Mediterranean decent. “First identified in 1904 by a hospital intern, sickle cell disease became, more than forty years later, the first disease found to be a genetic disease” (Harris 83). This disorder is caused by a recessive allele that changes the structure of hemoglobin. Sickle cell hemoglobin (HbS) differs from normal hemoglobin (HbA) in that of all the 574 amino acids it is made of, just one is different. In the sixth amino acid of the beta chain, HbA has glutamic acid and HbS has valine.

Sickle Cell Anemia is a disease that affects how oxygen is carried throughout the body by blood. Specifically, sickle cell anemia is characterized by a change in the shape of red blood cells from a smooth donut shape to a crescent or sickled shape, almost the same shape as a crescent moon. The sickled cells are very long and stiff, so sometimes