Triqui People Summary

Violence can either be a physical force that is rough or hurts, or an exertion of power against laws or rights that is unwanted or unjust. This means that violence does not necessarily have to be the physical type that we normally think about. The oppression caused by Trujillo is also violence, even though it is not always physical. A significant amount of violence occurs due to Trujillo’s

The army also rob and burn down parts of the village. In one case, a young man who was part of the patrols is shot and as he laid dying, reveals that the uniform worn (in that particular day) by the army was similar to the ones the guerrillas would wear, except that the guerrillas didn’t cause any harm as they walk through the village. This has a lot to say about how the civilians saw the government’s military, and how they saw their repressive state; being something they had to do without question due to fear. Taking a look at the testimony alone, we can also see how society was effected. Out of Montejo’s brief background detailing the failures of the presidents and the absolute repression faced by the civilians, we can conclude that the governments force to keep the guerillas unsuccessful was limited and pushed society into rebellions. In other words, as the army continued to torture and persecute the innocent, many found it necessary to fall into the hands of the guerrillas in order to stamp out their oppression.

When appealing to the reader’s reasoning, Chavez uses ethos to state that nonviolence has a tactical advantage against oppression. At the same time, he provides explanations as to how violence is detrimental to their cause. He states that nonviolence “provides the opportunity to stay on the offensive” (Chavez, 14-16) and responding with nonviolence “will attract people’s support” (Chavez, 22-24). He also states that resorting to violence will either “cause the violence to be escalated” or create “total demoralization of the workers” (Chavez, 18-21). He contrasts the two points of view to emphasize the positives of nonviolence, while

The question that will be investigated is, to what extent did the Tlatelolco Massacre affect Mexico politically and socially? To further analyze the question, the use of Sam Dillon’s article “Mexico City Journal; Anniversary of '68 Massacre Brings Facts to Light." was excellent due to the rich content that it contains as well as Patrick J. McDonnell’s article “1968 Massacre in Mexico Still Echoes across Nation: Activism: Killing of students just before Olympics radically changed country. And questions continue."

Throughout the various books that we have read, one of the many concepts that stood out for me was the well-being and healthcare of undocumented workers. Due to the current criminalization of immigration, most undocumented workers live in a constant state of fear and anxiety. This really made me think about the psychological and somatic outcomes of fear, stigma, trauma, and prejudice for undocumented workers. This brought into question the structural and symbolic violence that causes undocumented workers to suffer from mental and physical illnesses and how the treatment, if any, is administered.

Aguirre Ochoa, J. I., & Barbosa Muñoz, P. (2013). Violent subcultures and crime in Mexico. Journal of Alternative Perspectives in The Social Sciences, 5(3), 551-572.

Let us view it from the biological basis. . . Total disregard for human life has always been universal throughout the Americas in the human population. And this Mexican element feels a desire to kill or at least to draw blood (Tobar, 1997).

Immigrants’ experience can be described as being transcultural, meaning their experiences from their country (including cultural signifiers) are translated or transported to the new country they live in. During the transcultural experience, people can be changed by the new culture, and they also bring some their own traditional culture to the new environment. In 1990s, a lot of Latinos leave their countries to come to the United States because of the civil war. Hector Tobar’s book The Tattooed soldier tells a story of a Guatemalan refugee Antonio who comes to live in Los Angeles. His wife and son were killed by the government army. Antonio has to escape from his country because he could be killed too. After the murder, the sergeant of the death squad comes to the United States too. Antonio finds the soldier in a park in Los Angeles, and he starts to plan to kill the murderer. At the end of the story, he revenges for his wife and son. In Tobar’s other book Translation Nation, Tobar interviews many Central Americans who crossed the border, and this book also records many Latino immigrants’ life experiences. Both of the books show these immigrants’ transcultural experience in the United States. In The Tattooed Soldier and Translation Nation, the Latino immigrants are changed by the new country they live in and they also bring their own culture to the new country. Their cultures change and influence each other, that’s the reason why immigrants’ experiences are

Where as Mexico and Mexicans are described in another light with references to a holocaust and “violent and traumatic.” Spaniards were “brutal and callous,” and Spanish law a “chaotic jumble” (7, 10, 13).

Through the racial caste system of the Spanish Colonial Era, it is known that the people of mixed race and dark skin of the time were viewed as inferior by the Spaniards. This inferiority complex was mainly due to one group of people oppressing another. The irony behind this instance is that it was the minority oppressing the majority. Another factor behind the success of the caste system was internalized oppression, or, in other words, one group of people oppressing themselves. Through accepting this perspective of thinking and contributing to the society that surrounded them, these mixed-race people ended up adding fuel to the fire of their oppression. According to Martha Menchaca, author of Recovering History, Reconstructing Race, self-oppression came because of the vacancy of leadership positions in New Spain. At the core, this vacancy gave those who were not “pure” Spaniards the opportunity to achieve a greater sense of social acceptance. In her book, Menchaca states that while these people of color did, to an extent, succeed in improving their quality of life, the tyrannical narrative was never really changed. Furthermore, it was this search for a better life that created the foundation for what is now Mexico today.

The documentary problem in the story was that the employer was harsh, ruthless and did not give the workers a conducive environment as they were overworked and still paid low wages below the minimum and thus the workers merely survived (Encore Broadcast, n.p). The employer could not contend to overtime and unpaid wages which was a significant problem facing the employees. It was problematic that the workers worked for 10-14 hours without being given breaks for either eating or even going to the bathroom which had poor ventilation. Later on, after years of meager salaries, unpaid minimum and overtime wages and also domestic abuse, Maura Colorado, Maria Pineda and Lupe Hernandez come together in unison together with other employees in their struggle and campaigning for negotiable working environment and condition and also for self-empowerment which was a battle against their employer. The Latinos' workers were motivated by the three women and to the extent of the workers announcing a lawsuit for the garment company which was a problem for the company as its reputation become known to the public.

They rubbed garlic cloves on their shoes to frighten rattlesnakes. They protected themselves from the vicious desert sun with dark clothing, and hiding money in their little jars of mayonnaise. They would hide under bushes from helicopters without risking their life. They did what they had to do to survive. I learned in the the Hierarchy of the U.S agricultural labor, Triqui and Mixtec workers were ranked lowest of the low, beneath the regular Spanish speaking Mexicans. The Triqui were referred to as dirty, stupid, and dogs. There was a lack of empathy that surrounded worker’s injuries.

First, doctors in migrant health value their own observations and biotechnical testing of the patient’s body over the words of the patient. Abelino’s descriptions of his social and employment history received very little attention. The doctors didn’t think about how international market asymmetries and local discriminatory practices placed him in the labor position that caused his knee injury in the first place. Second, the doctors inadvertently blamed their patients for their suffering because they lacked the time to fully explore the problem and were unable to see the transnational and local structures that were affecting Abelino’s body. Third, structural violence not only victimizes the poor but also victimizes the poor patient just trying to receive health care treatment. (Holmes, pg. 125)

Like the Lost City itself, the descendants of the Tairona are finding themselves increasingly caught up in the chaos of Colombia's war. La Guerrilla is recruiting from among the young, which they denied, and disaffected of the tribes while paramilitary groups punish them with extreme violence. Recent tales of retaliatory dismemberment and cannibalism in paramilitary-controlled areas has kept indigenous groups from entering the Lost City. Unfortunately, indigenous people are getting involve in violence without having nothing to do with it. It has to be hard live in a peaceful place and wake up a morning in war. In Colombia, they have the “Cauca region which is known for its tradition of indigenous organization and its resistance against the landlords and the state” (Rudqvist & Anrup, 2013). In that area indigenouscommunities have given different meanings to civil resistance that meet the needs of particular contexts and the different forms of violence that afflict them. During my investigation, I found that some indigenous people prefer to be part of La Guerrilla. There was a girl who was recruited when she was only 9 years old, she came back when she was 16 and during her interview, she said that “There are times when I

This mistrust of American society promotes a sense of isolation and alienation from the community. Authority figures, such as police and other first responders, may unwittingly strike fear into the hearts of these children because they have been conditioned to believe that these figures have the power, as well as the mandate, to destroy families. This mindset tends to discourage assimilation into mainstream American communities and promote instead the tendency of these families to cluster into small, ethnically concentrated barrios, or neighborhoods. Within these barrios, the culture and lifestyle of Mexico is recreated, which often reinforces psychological and physical isolation from mainstream American culture. Alliances are formed with others in similar circumstances, where commiseration often leads to a rising sense of resentment. It is not uncommon for angry groups to rise up in opposition to the society that is viewed as the oppressor. Evidence of this can be seen almost daily as senseless gang violence permeates our news broadcasts, plagues our communities, and terrorizes our citizens.