Tropes Liturgical Play Analysis

Ancient Greek theatre performed when there were special occasions also known as festivals. Ancient Greek theatre actors were played

With the article “Holy, Holy, Holy” by Peter Ackroyd shows how religion is interconnected to all levels of life during the 16 Century London. Religion is essentially emotional and community experience. If an individual does not go to Mass they are alienated from the community and are not part of the norm. When attending Mass, there are many rituals and experience from listening to a sermon or singing religious songs. For example, during a Mass a priest is giving "stray gestures and hear muttered words in a language most

In the sixteenth century, the Protestant Church of England was using new music and hymns that would still be used today. According to “Elizabethan”, this time was the “high point in the English Liturgical Style”. The Mass Ordinary was created in the fifteenth century. There are five sections that go in a cycle basing each movement on the same musical material. The five sections, according to Raeburn, include Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, and Agnus Dei (11). For more somber religious events, such as funerals, a requiem mass would be used. This mass was relatively peaceful and the melody would tend to wander. Ongaro tells un in his book “Music of the Renaissance” that choirs in this era had up to sixteen members that would dance, sing, and act (32). Religious music was the work of many composers that would give us hymns and musical works that we use

She’s the Man is a modern adaptation and interpretation of The Twelfth Night but the

The center I chose to observe was the dramatic play center which is a kitchen. I chose this center because because it's a great way to observe children. The purpose of the dramatic play center is to help develop social, emotional and oral language skills. It gives children a chance to assign roles, self regulate when having to take turns and during all of this children are developing language skills.

Thesis: The Liturgical Drama Ordo Virtutum by Hildegard of Bingen was fundamental in the creation and development of later works, providing religious inspiration, unique and expressive composition, and reflections of individual experiences in order to create the first liturgical drama of its kind.

During the 1400’s the participation of everyday people within the church changed dramatically. Where the clergy and sacraments were the primary focus of medieval Catholicism, members of the congregation gradually merged Catholicism into their daily lives outside of the church itself. Congregations began to direct their own religious practices, usually focused around individual and private devotion. A sign of this increased popular devotion was the Books of Hours. The Books of Hours are devotional writings, containing sets of prayers structured around the religious calendar. With the church becoming such a huge piece of daily life it was as if it was something for the people to hold on to after the devastation of The Black Death. Many had felt that it was a punishment from God. People started to devote themselves to worshipping and making massive churches with nothing but the best architects at

The Medieval period began in 500 A.D. and ended in 1450 A.D. During this time in particular, the Catholic Church had significant influence on how music was used and created. Sacred music, for example, was most prevalent because of this. Due to the religious nature of this period, music in the church had to adhere to very specific regulations, some of which included prayers such as plainchants or Gregorian chants. A single melody without harmony, or one musical part sung together in unison, is called a Monophonic melody, which was sung primarily by monks. Some time later, around 900 A.D., the using of two melodic lines was permitted by the church, this music was called organum. A low, continuous note called a drone, was sung at the same time as the main melody. The two melodies were often moving in contrasting motion to each other. By the Late-Medieval period, 1100 A.D., the music of the church had shifted from monophonic to more polyphonic, often two or more varying parts.

It is generally agreed that the Italian theatre has its origins in the liturgy of the Catholic Church as it was recited on holy days and particularly, at Carnival time. It was at first a simple prolongation of the religious rites in Latin, but subsequently was gradually transformed into an independent spectacle. There were members of church-sponsored lay confraternities which engaged in extreme forms of penance as well as in prayer and in the singing of songs called laude. Although usually lyrical or narrative in nature,

​ Life in the Middle Ages revolved around the Church, which was the Roman Catholic. So, we can imagine early music was pretty much from church. Every morning at 9 o’clock was Mass, a significant ceremony done to commemorate the Last Supper. At this church service, the music was the Gregorian Chant. The Gregorian chant is performed in the Latin language, unison voice and accompanied by no instruments which was believed that the text of the song which carried the divine message from God was more important. The music was just to help you get to a spiritual place (Wright, 4-1a).

A Christmas Carol is one of the most iconic play as it displays an abundance of successful components. From acting, to stage directing, scenery, costumes, and lighting, the production portrays all those significant aspects. Throughout the process of the play, the plot and acting was incredibly engaging and dramatic. As for the stage directing, all props and cues are organized and well constructed. As for the costumes, scenery, and lighting, all elements was focused on the theme of the play; this created a remarkable environment for the audience to settle on.

A play can be analyzed in multiple ways. One of these ways is through the play’s theme. The theme of a work is often a statement about life and the human condition. In the play Trifles by Susan Glaspell, the theme noticing the little things can make a difference can be explained through plot, character, and setting.

Twelfth Night is a romantic comedy, and romantic love is the play’s main focus. Despite the fact that the play offers a happy ending, in which the various lovers find one another and achieve wedded bliss, Shakespeare shows that love can cause pain. Many of the characters seem to view love as a kind of curse, a feeling that attacks its victims suddenly and disruptively. Various characters claim to suffer painfully from being in love, or, rather, from the pangs of unrequited love. At one point, Orsino depicts love dolefully as an “appetite” that he wants to satisfy and cannot, at another point; he calls his desires “fell and cruel hounds”. Olivia more bluntly describes love as a

The masses in the religious services had to be sung a cappella in this specific order or it was considered a disgrace and ruined the sacred pieces. The high priests of the Catholic churches were very strict on how the sacred music was sung and preserved.

Beginning at around 476 AD, the medieval era is mostly related to the church as most music from this era is sacred. The style of this era, the Gregorian chant is monophonic only comprising of the plainchant (or the single- line melodies of early church music) in texture only comprising of the plainchant (or the single- line melodies of early church music). It is not until the arrival of the French composers Léonin and Pèrotin in 1100 and 1200 respectively that polyphony would be incorporated into musical worship with the “decoration” of Gregorian chant with one or more simultaneous musical lines, thus transitioning from Gregorian chant to Organum. During this era, most of the music and roles for musicians belonged to the church except for the troubadours of southern France and the trouvères of northern France. The music was responsorial between the mass and the father during church and was