Trout Unlimited Case Study

The chemical characteristics observed and documented were pH, temperature, phosphate, nitrate, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen. Each of these chemical levels were documented and found differently. Most were found using a kit or a device. The numbers found, would tell us how polluted the stream was and how much nutrients were in the water. Each chemical has a scale for telling what a good level is and what a bad level is. If an excess amount of nutrients was found in the water, algae could be formed. When algae is formed it blocks sunlight from shining into the water, which creates dead zones. This is called eutrophication. A dead zone is an area where there is no life. This can cause major problems like population issues and more. If the algae continues to grow in the river, the whole body of water can die out, and people as well as other organisms are very dependent on the Susquehanna. While on the river though, there was an absence of algae, so sunlight is able to get through the water, which is very good.

Exercise Lab 1. How much does temperature vary in large and small aquatic environments? Lab 2. What determines the water clarity of lakes, rivers and oceans? Lab 3. Where does the phosphorus go? Lab 4. How does human activity in watersheds affect the quality of lakes and rivers? Lab 5. Are the Great Lakes being influenced by the global greenhouse effect? Lab 6. How is the flow of the Red Cedar River influenced by the weather? Lab 7. What is the relationship between flow and turbidity in the Red Cedar River? Page 2 4 6 8 12 15 18

In the beginning of mankind's evolutionary history, being nomadic was a common practice of living because following migratory herds and gathering for other edible plants was a necessity for survival. It wasn’t until approximately 8,000 B.C. when people started to learn how to grow crops in a single spot without soil depletion and thus, agriculture was born. (New World Encyclopedia 2015) This major advancement in humankind allowed humans to form civilizations and transformed the way humans live that is the sprawling society that exists today. With ever expanding cities and the population growing at an exponential rate, humans need an abundance of agricultural land to support the world's rising demands. The effect of human's stationary lifestyle

On October 6th 2015, the students of Mattawan’s AP Environmental class took a trip to the local stream of the Mattawan Consolidated Schools area. The purpose of this trip was to conduct a stream study to determine the health, conditions, and pollution levels of this small body of water. A multitude of factors came into play when making a judgement on the stream’s health, and making sure to take all of these essential points was crucial to the study. A variety of thorough experiments were conducted to help make this overlying conclusion, as many students adopted many roles in the study. Students used a physical survey form, water test data sheet, and taxa recording sheet to record their findings. Teamwork was essential in making sure all of this information could be found accurately and efficiently. The combination of all of the final results allowed the class to make a judgement of the stream’s state.

Dissolved Oxygen, pH levels, Temperature Change, Fecal Coliform, BOD, Nitrate, Phosphates, Turbidity, and Total Solids were each tested in the stream at least one time. If more time and enough supplies were given, then certain tests should be done more than once. Temperature Changes should be tested every other month because it is quick and a change in temperature can affect the health of the organisms living in the stream and therefore the quality of the stream. Temperatures can also drastically change in a short amount of time and there is a large difference in water temperatures in summer and winter. Another test that should be done every other month is dissolved oxygen because it is related to the temperature of the water. Cooler waters have a greater capacity for dissolved oxygen than warmer waters. This test is important because due to human activity and industrial processes, can increase water temperature and therefore decrease the dissolved oxygen levels. Certain organisms living in the stream need a sufficient amount of dissolved oxygen to survive. Another test that should be done more often is the

John (44) and Mary (43) Winchester were high school sweethearts and have been married for 18 years. They have two teenage boys; Dean (17) and Sam (15). The Winchester family has come to therapy seeing assistance for various issues. Since his return, John has been distant and with drawn. He has is verbally abusive toward Mary and the boys and has developed a drinking problem. His behavior has started to have a serious impact on his relationship with Dean, Sam, and Mary. They have expressed a fear for their safety as well as John’s.

Our data clearly shows that the water quality is pretty good, and the ecosystem is fairly descent. The MSHA gave Sawmill Creek a 73.5 out of 100 for the habitat once we added up all the numbers from the questions we answered, giving us the conclusion that the ecosystem was fairly descent. The LabQuest gave us a pH of 6.88 and a DO of 10.85 ppm, and the chemical test kit gave us results of 7.5 for the pH, and 5 ppm for DO. Both of the pH tests gave us results around 7, which is the neutral, and is what you want. The DO is where we got 10.85 ppm for one, and 5 ppm for the other. A good result is 10 ppm, so with these results, we can conclude the that DO is somewhat decent, with both the results put together. The average velocity of our ten meter area of the creek was .29 m/s. A velocity of .29 m/s is a medium speed, making the water not to fast so creatures can not survive, but not so slow that the water just sits, creating bad filtration for the water. The turbidity of the water was also very good, with the seeing distance of over 100 centimeters using the turbidity tube. All of those tests put together make the water quality result very good. The air temperature was 24.7 degrees celsius, and the water temperature was 23.8 degrees celsius. This shows us that the stream was quite shallow, because of how close the air and water temperature was, but still enough of a difference so it was not to warm for aquatic life. With algae being the only aquatic plant we found, and finding sedges, alsike clover, milkweed, red osier dogwood, and speckled alder on the shore, we can say that these plants did not impact the water quality to an extent of affecting the water quality that much, or even at all. The macroinvertebrates in the water; crayfish, mayflies, leech’s, and 3 different egg species, did not seem to affect the water quality too much, if at

An interesting note is that the fins on a trout have no bones, they are primarily composed of fatty deposits, even the tail. Trout have long been considered a bony fish, and internally they are. some consider their skin very tasty and good to eat, (although I don’t recommend it). Trout are so tasty and very popular among fish eaters and restaurants, that they have become farm raised (hatcheries) and sold as well as bread for restocking . Raising or breeding trout is very vital to streams and rivers because of the popularity of fisherman. It is necessary to Replenish these water’s to avoid overfishing and elimination of the

In summary, there are many different factors that contribute to the health of the Susquehanna River. The factors include the pH, temperature, phosphate, nitrate and dissolved oxygen levels. Another factor is the wildlife living in and around the water. A healthy pH level is from five to eight. The tested level was within this range! The temperature was also at a good level because it was cold enough to have the healthy level of dissolved oxygen. The dissolved oxygen level was about nine. The nitrate levels were excellent, but the phosphate levels were just good because they were slightly above where they are supposed to be. Also, by analyzing the types of macroinvertebrates in the river, the level of pollution can be evaluated. The

If you’re taking care of brook trout you will need some things. First you will need a water filter the water filter will help you clean the water and help make sure there is no pollution. Second, you will need the water to be 50-56 degrees and to do that you will need a chiller that sets the temperature to the right temperature but if you lose power you should put in ice bottles to keep it at the right degrees. Third the eggs need darkness so put on the tank a curtain so the eggs have darkness. Fourth the trout will need oxygen so you will need a air pump (PPM=Parts Per Million.(7-10). The air will get pumped into the air stone and the air stone puts it into the water. Fifth the trout need to eat, they eat Dried Brine Shrimp (Once a Day).

Is it too early to plan that fishing trip?? I certainly hope so. Game 1 of Spurs vs Grizzlies was looking a lot like last year's results when San Antonio blew Memphis out and eventually swept them 4-0 in the series. San Anton won 111-82. The Grizzlies kept it close early and had a 30-25 lead at the 1st quarter, but then were outscored 86-52 the rest of the game. Ypu can't blame Marc Gasol, he was putting in that work and had 32 points. Unfortunately, everybody else was a no show and the Spurs took care of business in the second half, especially in the 3rd quarter where they put the game away. Tony Allen's absence was felt as Kawhi Leonard led San Antonio with an easy 32 points. He was a light 11-14 from the field. Let's face it, without the

Within the lentic ecosystems, temperature plays a crucial role. Lake temperatures does not variate drastically, but does change gradually with every season of the year. Summer, the thermic stratification of lakes, can be studied in different layers (Figure 2). The superior level of a lake that is terminally stratified, is known to be epilimnion, which is the warmer part of the fresh water body. This water remains in the superior part because as the water gets warmer, the light of the sun becomes clearer than the dense water downward.

At the start of the work important physico- chemical and biological parameters were measured to know the present scenario of the lake. Among physico- chemical parameters the water temperature, transparency, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, pH, nitrate and phosphate were taken into consideration while in biotic factors, the qualitative and quantitative estimation of phytoplankton, zooplankton and fishes was made. The water temperature varied from 10.0 0C in January, 2007 to 23.4 0C in June, 2011. The Secchy transparency ranged between 35.0 cm during January 2007 and 410 cm during December, 2011. The total dissolved solids varied between 160 mg/ l in April, 2007 and 536 mg/ l in June, 2008. The dissolved oxygen concentration at water surface varied from 3.0 mg/ l during January, 2007 to 12.5 mg/ l during May, 2009 throughout the experiment period. The total alkalinity of lake water was found between 102 mg/ l during January, 2008 and 240 mg/ l during June, 2011. The pH of lake water varied from 6.9 in April, 2008 to 9.8 July, 2011. The nitrate was found between 0.12 mg/l

The Motueka is a nationally important waterway and wild trout fishery. The river drains and area of 2076km2 of mountainous and hilly land that is located about 40 km west of Nelson, South Island, New Zealand. The catchment elevation ranges from sea level up to around 1600 to 1800 meters. The river rises in the southeast of the catchment and flows north into Tasman Bay about 116 kilometers. The main stem of the Motueka River rises in the Red Hills and flows north to the sea. The Motueka River is joined from a succession of small and medium-size tributaries draining hilly land underlain by Moutere gravels and some of much larger tributaries originating in a complex combination of sedimentary and igneous rocks which form the mountainous terrain of the Arthur Range on the western boundary of the catchment.

Turbidity represents the clarity of water. It is affected by the amount of phytoplankton, clay, slit, minerals or even algae, suspended in the water. The more opaque the water is, the higher its turbidity. It is measured in nephelometric units NTUs using a turbidimeter or nephelometer (6). Acceptable ranges for streams are < 25 NTU and for lakes and reservoirs < 50 NTU. High turbidity levels can cause health issues such as increasing the possibility for waterborne diseases. They can also cause environmental problems especially that higher turbidity means less light penetrating. Thus, leading to less photosynthesis for aquatic plants (7). This can be reduced by decreasing urban runoff and implementing better treatment techniques for sewage treatment and discharge plants.