Tsarnev: The Boston Marathon

Frank Schmalleger explains the theory of social disorganization as one that depicts both social change as well as conflict, and lack of any agreement as the origin of its cause for both criminal behavior as well as nonconformity to society and closed associated with the ecological school of criminology (Schmalleger, 2012, p. 152). The philosophy behind the organization and structure of a society and how that contributes to criminal behavior within society is by stressing poverty, economic conditions, lack of education, lack of skills, are not sought-after in the work place, and divergent cultural values. Criminal behavior is the result of the person’s assignment of location within the structure of society.

On April 15, 2013 during the Boston Marathon in Copley Square, two bombs exploded near the finish line killing at least three and injuring over 170 people. This bombing sent the nation in an uproar and it was immediately recognized as a terrorist attack. When the Federal Bureau of Investigation took over, a few days later a surveillance video and photographs of the two suspects were released.

April 15, 2013 hundreds of innocent Americans were traumatized forever. The 117th annual Boston Marathon was hit with an act of terrorism. Two-hundred-sixty people lost their legs while three people lost their lives. On this day Americans realized how important security is. One thousand federal, state, and local law enforcement personnel sat down and watched surveillance footage for hours tracking the terrorist that caused the Boston Bombing to occur. April 18, 2013 the FBI released footage and images of suspects whose identity was once unknown to gain more knowledge. Due to security footage the men who committed the monstrous act were brought to justice. Without the public surveillance these terrorist would have never been found. (Boston Marathon Bombings.History.com Staff.History.com.2014.Boston Marathon Bombings.)

Overall, these studies suggest that while criminal behavior cuts across race and class lines, the societal response to these behaviors may significantly influence the course of a potential criminal career. Decisions regarding the most effective balance of responses by law enforcement, social services, and community intervention are critical in determining many of these outcomes Race and Class Effects.

Within seconds of the clock striking 2:49 p.m, a bomb goes off in front of Marathon Sports store near the finish line of the Boston Marathon, killing one and wounding a number of others, both runners and spectators. Less than a minute later, another bomb lets off in front of the Forum restaurant, killing two more and injuring many more(CNN). As chaos began to erupt, Boston PD sprang into action immediately. Despite their efforts, the bomber who was at the time unknown, had already escaped the scene. Within minutes of the explosion, the event is now being acknowledged at the national level, suspected of being the first act of foreign terrorism since the 9/11 attacks on the Twin

The Police started to investigate the bombing, they quickly found the intended target it was clear that where the router was located, and there was the most amount of damage meaning that was the target. The first ghost file had been destroyed and erased from the Internet, there two to go. But with this 1st one down is enough to bring down many schools, banks and start causing thousandths of loss in money and business that depends in technology, as their internet speed becomes slow for now the whole city is operating in2 main servers. School and colleges started to lose their work, and their resources to access materials, while banks in the Boston area lost multiple transactions and the ones that were working took

During the iconic Boston Marathon two bombs went off. Thankfully about 3 quarters of the participants had already crossed. Public officials reported that 17 people were in critical condition, 140+ injured, and three dead including an 8-year-old boy. The two bombs were set fairly close to the finish line roughly 100 yards apart. According to the timers the bombs occurred 12 seconds apart.

The bombing of the Boston Marathon is one of the least deadly terrorist attacks against our county, but has brought to light many lessons that need to be learned. The Boston Marathon Bombing took place on April 15, 2013 at 1449 hours. Two men planted bombs near the finish line of the event which killed three spectators and wounded 260 others. The bombs were pressure cooker bombs packed with shrapnel and other materials hidden in backpacks that were maliciously placed amidst the crowd (History.com Staff, 2014).

So far, both theories are able to explain the crime inequality observed insides neighbourhoods; however, when it comes to explaining the difference in crime rates between neighbourhoods with similarly low levels of poverty, social disorganization theory is not able to fully explain why such difference may occur, as it places a greater focus on the internal dynamics of the neighbourhoods than on the external contingencies (Peterson & Krivo, 2010, p. 92). Based on Table 4.5 of Divergent Social Worlds: Neighborhood Crime and the Racial-Spatial DivideI, minority low-poverty areas have roughly two and a half times more violence than their white counterparts (Peterson & Krivo, 2010, p. 88). Social disorganization theory insists that residential instability (percent of those who owns and percent of those who rent) , population heterogeneity (internal differences, including ethno-racial differences), poverty (percent of those who live in poverty), income, deteriorating neighbourhood, and population loss (percent of those who leave due to deterioration) are mechanisms that leads to the absence of informal social control and increases social disorganization, causing the loss of control over youths who then hang out at spontaneous playgrounds and form gangs with delinquent traditions that get passed down through cultural transmission. If such was the case, then one would expect neighbourhoods with similar and comparable local conditions to have similar average rates of crimes. However,

Whether or not information was shared on the brothers, the larger question remained: why did the brothers radicalize and kill and injure scores of people who were attending the Boston Marathon? Those who make the leap towards terrorism experience varying levels of, anger, passion, or frustration in support of their beliefs. In recent years, rising expectations, fueled by images of affluence and democracy spread by the mass media have provoked feelings of deprivation among many populations, particularly in Africa, Asia, and parts of Eastern Europe. Individuals who become terrorists oftentimes do so because they feel unheard, insignificant, unheard, or not important. Still others follow a cause or group that is misguided and can lead to violent

On April 15, 2013, more than 23,000 runners sprinted off from the starting line of the Boston Marathon, and thousands more watched this enormous event held on Patriot’s Day (“Boston Marathon Bombing”). The marathon is held to commemorate 1775 battles of Lexington and Concord and is the oldest continuously ran marathon in the world (History.com Staff) (Duke). Little did they know two brothers were planting to pressure cooker bombs a short distance from the finish line (“Boston Marathon Bombing”). At 2:49pm, only five ours into the race, the first bomb explodes with 5,600 runners still in the race (“Boston Marathon Bombing”) (History.com Staff). Fifteen seconds later the second bomb burst only 600 feet from the first one

On April 15, 2013, two homemade pressure-cooker bombs were placed near the finish line of The Boston Marathon. The bombs detonated 12 seconds and 210 yards (a block) apart at 2:49 pm near the finish line. Because the bombs were put low, most people were only severely injured from the waist down. Making a total of only 17 lost limbs. At least 264 people were injured and a total of six died: three persons from the bombing, 2 police officers, and the terrorist brother.

Social disorganization theory explains the ecological difference in levels of crime, simply based on cultural and structural factors that influence the social order in a given community. Social disorganization is triggered by poverty, social stability, ethnic heterogeneity, and a few key elements. Although Clifford Shaw and Henry D. McKay (1942), were known for social disorganization theory, in 1947 Edwin Sutherland introduced the notion of a ecological differences in crime that is the result of differential social organization. Despite similar arguments on social organization, Shaw and Mckay argued that the cultural integration explained the ecological variation in crime rates as a result of the negative impact on the community. Also elaborating on structural socioeconomic factors shaping informal control like poverty, heterogeneity, and residential mobility. Later Robert Sampson and Byron Groves (1989), refined the work of Shaw and Mckay by highlighting on the importance of social ties and new measures of social disorganization.

The bombing that happened in Boston during marathon was delivered with the use of 2 pressure cooker by the finish line where the spectators were watching. The problem that came about was the many video recordings from the city surveillance and video recordings from eye witness would have to be combed through to verify every detail leading up to the actual denotation to find the culprit. Even video on the explosion can provide details on what type of bomb it may have been, the white smoke suggest that the bomb was created using a common chemical called acetone peroxide. Being that the bomb was poorly made would suggest at the moment of the bombing that it couldn’t have been a major militant terrorist organization but instead maybe a radical

Crime and criminalization are dependent on social inequality Social inequality there are four major forms of inequality, class gender race and age, all of which influence crime. In looking at social classes and relationship to crime, studies have shown that citizens of the lower class are more likely to commit crimes of property and violence than upper-class citizens: who generally commit political and economic crimes. In 2007 the National Crime Victimization Survey showed that families with an income of $15000 or less had a greater chance of being victimized; recalling that lower classes commit a majority of those crimes. We can conclude that crime generally happens within classes.