Tuberculosis, An Airborne Disease

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that affects one third of the world's population. The most infected areas are developing counties or third worlds countries such as Africa, India, Pakistan, and East Timor.

Tuberculosis is a disease of an infectious nature caused by a bacterium known as mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease spreads through the air. People with the disease can spread it to susceptible people through coughing, sneezing, talking or spitting. It mainly affects the lungs and other parts such as the lymph nodes and kidneys can also be affected. The symptoms for TB are fatigue, coughing, night sweats, weight loss and fever. One third of the population of the world is affected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. The rate of infection is estimated to be one person per second. About 14 million people in the world are infected with active tuberculosis. Drug resistant TB has been recorded to be a serious public health hazard in many countries. Resistant strains have developed making it difficult to treat the disease. TB has caused millions of death mainly in people living with HIV/AIDS ADDIN EN.CITE Ginsberg19981447(Ginsberg, 1998)1447144717Ginsberg, Ann M.The Tuberculosis Epidemic: Scientific Challenges and OpportunitiesPublic Health Reports (1974-)Public Health Reports (1974-)128-13611321998Association of Schools of Public Health00333549http://www.jstor.org/stable/4598234( HYPERLINK l "_ENREF_3" o "Ginsberg, 1998 #1447" Ginsberg, 1998). The World Health Organization came up with the DOTS (Directly Observed, Therapy, Short course) strategy. The approach involves diagnosing cases and treating patients with drugs for about 6-8

According to the World Health Organization, tuberculosis (TB) is the number two killer worldwide due to a single infectious agent (WHO, 2017). In 2015, 10.4 million new cases have been identified and 1.8 million people have died from this disease (WHO, 2017). TB is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium TB, and the majority of TB deaths occur in low and middle-income countries. This disease is curable and preventable, but the lack of access to proper healthcare and medication administration makes it a concern for the most of the world’s population. TB is an airborne disease that can transmit when an infected person coughs, sneezes, spits, laughs, or talks. The majority of TB cases can be cured when the right medications are available and

Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), also known as TB, is a disease spread by respiratory inhalation of droplets that contain the bacteria. Tuberculosis is an ancient disease that has been traced back at least 9000 years. In 1882, Dr. Robert Koch was the first physician to describe Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the germ responsible for tuberculosis. However, treatment that was evidenced based was not put into practice until the 20th century. It is estimated that 2 billion people around the world are infected with the TB bacteria. Approximately 5 to 10 percent of these infected people will actual develop active TB and experience the life-threatening symptoms of the disease. Tuberculosis

270). 1978 had the lowest recorded number of tuberculosis cases of 1,307. The cases continued to increase until 1992 with a peak number of cases at 3,811. According to the scientists this resurgence of tuberculosis was due to many factors that include factors such as increased homelessness, poverty, drug use, and immigration from areas with high tuberculosis rates (Sticof, DiFerdinando, Osten, & Novick, 1998, p. 270). It is interesting that as tuberculosis was in decline prior to the 1980s when it is thought healthcare was not as good as today’s healthcare. This is an example of how when all the factors occur at the same time a disease could spring up at any time.

Tuberculosis has been one of the most fatal diseases since the beginning of history. However, it was especially dangerous during the Victorian Era. All Victorians experienced the distress of tuberculosis in some way, making it a tremendous problem for society at the time. The eternal search for an effective, absolute cure of this dreaded disease has lasted for centuries, from the Ancient Egyptians on the Nile, to modern times. Nevertheless, several crucial leaps were made in the medical field during the Victorian Era that helped to curb the toll of tuberculosis on society.

World Health Organization has called Tuberculosis the second greatest killer caused by a single infectious agent after HIV and AIDS, it has been declared as a public health crisis which is contagious, deadly and with grave consequences for those affected. Tuberculosis is found more often in third world and developing countries. More than 80% of people in Asia and Africa test positive for TB. Early in the 19th century many deaths have been recorded in Europe, where as in the United States it has been well controlled until recent

Tuberculosis(TB) is a highly contagious disease that primarily affects the lungs, although it can also be found in other body parts. The disorder is caused by a bacteria called myocardial tuberculosis, and is mostly spread through the air when an infected person coughs. Many years ago, tuberculosis accounted for nearly 30% of deaths in the US. In the 1940’s and 50’s, however, its fatality rate dropped significantly due to antibiotics and vaccinations. Since the outbreak of AIDS, tuberculosis has increasingly been an issue again since people with the disease cannot fight off TB (Bontrager & Lampignano 2005, Basic TB Facts 2012).

Tuberculosis or Tubercle Bacillus, is a disease that primarily attacks the lungs. It can, however, target any other organ found in the body. Discovered by Nobel prize winner Robert Koch on March 24, 1882, in Berlin, Germany, this disease is the second largest in the world with only HIV in its path. Though there was a 45% drop in rates during the 1990’s till 2012, Tuberculosis is still a Killer in most countries.

The Sub Saharan belt of Africa shares the major burden of TB. In fact TB has been declared an emergency in Africa after 46 Ministers of Health unanimously adopted a resolution at the WHO Africa Regional Committee in Maputo, Mozambique, on 25 August 2005.(WHO,2005)

Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne infectious disease generally caused by the bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) [1]. The United States’ number and rate of new tuberculosis cases has kept declining since the TB reemergence in 1992, however, there is a slight increase in the number and the rate of new TB cases, 1.7% and 0.9%, respectively, in 2015 with a total of 9,563 new cases and a rate of 3.0 cases per 100,000 population compares to 2014 [2].

Tuberculosis (TB) is an ancient disease that remains one of the serious infections in the world. In 1990, the World Health Organization estimated that approximately 8 million new cases were active worldwide, the vast majority of which were in developing countries (WHO, 1990). Nearly three million people die annually from this disease.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection that most commonly occurs in the lungs. It was originally called “susica”, coming from the Greek word for “consumption”. The causative agent, Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (Mtb), was discovered by the hands of the famous scientist, Robert Koch. Koch was able to discover the causative agent of TB in 1882 to be the rod-shaped mycobacterium tuberculosis, and its pathology. The means of transmission of this disease is through airborne particles. In addition, much work was done in the field of TB by Dr.S.Kukric, who worked in clinics, lectured on the subject of tuberculosis to raise awareness and also produced a number of research papers about TB. He was also involved in TB diagnosis through tuberculin skin tests around the time of the First World War, though it is noteworthy to mention that the application of anti-TB drugs didn’t start until the mid-20th century, just before the development of multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB). The following will aim to provide an overview of Tuberculosis, including epidemiology, transmission, diagnosis, pathogenesis & immune response, treatment & vaccines and the control of TB.

Tuberculosis is one of the leading infectious diseases around the world. Globally, infectious diseases like tuberculosis among others continue to be one of the leading causes of death in children, adolescents and of the leading causes in adults (WHO). The purpose of this article is to examine and discuss mostly the etiology of tuberculosis, as well as its cause and spread. To better understand the subject of tuberculosis as an infectious disease and the problem it poses throughout the world, the following questions would be answered: What are the factors important in the emergence and re-emergence of infectious diseases? How do sufferers and non-sufferers view tuberculosis? What is the impact of

Although Africa and other developing nations lead in the number of those infected with tuberculosis, the infected population in the world is currently estimated to be at around one third of the