Tuberculosis : An Airborne Infectious Disease

Tuberculosis is a disease of an infectious nature caused by a bacterium known as mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease spreads through the air. People with the disease can spread it to susceptible people through coughing, sneezing, talking or spitting. It mainly affects the lungs and other parts such as the lymph nodes and kidneys can also be affected. The symptoms for TB are fatigue, coughing, night sweats, weight loss and fever. One third of the population of the world is affected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. The rate of infection is estimated to be one person per second. About 14 million people in the world are infected with active tuberculosis. Drug resistant TB has been recorded to be a serious public health hazard in many countries. Resistant strains have developed making it difficult to treat the disease. TB has caused millions of death mainly in people living with HIV/AIDS ADDIN EN.CITE Ginsberg19981447(Ginsberg, 1998)1447144717Ginsberg, Ann M.The Tuberculosis Epidemic: Scientific Challenges and OpportunitiesPublic Health Reports (1974-)Public Health Reports (1974-)128-13611321998Association of Schools of Public Health00333549http://www.jstor.org/stable/4598234( HYPERLINK l "_ENREF_3" o "Ginsberg, 1998 #1447" Ginsberg, 1998). The World Health Organization came up with the DOTS (Directly Observed, Therapy, Short course) strategy. The approach involves diagnosing cases and treating patients with drugs for about 6-8

Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria “Mycobacterium Tuberculosis” and is mainly causes infection of the lungs (WHO, 2016). Its mode of transmission is airborne, so it can be passed on by inhalation of airborne droplets which carrying the bacteria, when an infected patient coughs, sneezes, or spits the TB germs into the air (WHO, 1026). Among the symptoms of active TB are: cough with sputum and blood, chest pains, weakness, fever and night sweats (WHO, 2016). Most at risk to get the TB infection are people with weakened immune system such as people who are suffering from chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, severe kidney disease, silicosis and especially HIV infection (CDC, 2016). Children and Tobacco users are also at greater risk to fall ill with TB.

Tuberculosis (TB) is brought on by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The microorganisms more often than not assault the lungs, however TB microbes can assault any part of the body, for example, the kidney, spine, and mind. Not everybody infected with TB microbes gets to be sick. Therefore, two TB-related conditions exist: latent TB infection (LTBI) and TB infection. If not treated legitimately, TB can be deadly (CDC, 2016). TB microbes are spread through the air starting with one individual then onto the next. The TB microorganisms are put into the air when someone with TB illness of the lungs or throat coughs, talks, or sings. Individuals adjacent may take in these microscopic organisms and also become ill (CDC, 2016). Individuals with TB are well on the way to spreading it to individuals they invest time with consistently. This incorporates relatives, companions, and coworkers or classmates.

According to the World Health Organization, tuberculosis (TB) is the number two killer worldwide due to a single infectious agent (WHO, 2017). In 2015, 10.4 million new cases have been identified and 1.8 million people have died from this disease (WHO, 2017). TB is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium TB, and the majority of TB deaths occur in low and middle-income countries. This disease is curable and preventable, but the lack of access to proper healthcare and medication administration makes it a concern for the most of the world’s population. TB is an airborne disease that can transmit when an infected person coughs, sneezes, spits, laughs, or talks. The majority of TB cases can be cured when the right medications are available and

Among many misconceptions, tuberculosis is not a disease of the past. Tuberculosis remains a public health issue. It is estimated that one-third of the total world population is infected by tuberculosis (TB). The American lung association (2013) states, in 2011 alone there were nearly 9,000,000 new diagnosed cases of tuberculosis around the world and an estimated 1.4 million deaths because of this disease. In the United States, TB is not as common (but still a problem). In 2011, only 10,500 people reported having TB (Trends in Tuberculosis Morbidity and

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis, which most commonly attacks the lungs (2). Moreover, it makes the lungs unhealthy and infected. It is transmitted from one person to another via droplets. For example, from the throats and lungs of people infected with this active respiratory disease (2). In 2012, nearly nine million people around the

Tuberculosis or TB is a bacterial infection that spreads through the bloodstream and is commonly found in the lungs (webMD.com). This infection is highly contagious can spread rapidly through air, but remain undetected because the bacteria can live in the body in an inactive form (webMD.com). This disease originated in Russian prisons, where inmates would be malnourished, alcoholics, and smokers (Willumsen & Shinefield, 2001). Since the bacteria lives in the body in the inactive form, people who are exposed and may have TB never develops any symptoms (webMD.com). The bacterium becomes active when the immune system weakens (mayoclinic.org). The active form of TB can result in coughs, sneezes, and spits (mayoclinic.org).

During the interview with healthcare provider Mrs. Tonya Simpson, she when in great detail explaining that Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This is a disease that affects the lungs and can be transmitted from person to person by coughing, face-to- face conversing, sneezing, and even breathing the same air of an infected person can spread the disease. A profuse amount of people have TB, but the bacteria is not active, which prevents them from being contagious (T. Simpson, personal communication, March 25, 2015). It is only when the disease is presented to be active that it can be transmitted. Seniors and children have a greater risk to be infected with Tuberculosis due to their weak immune systems.

Tuberculosis is highly contagious and can spread from infected person to a healthy person through the air by inhaling airborne droplets called nuclei from an infected person. These airborne particles come from the infected person by sneezing, coughing or laughing and other forced respiratory. Which is why someone close to an infected person on a daily basis will be at high risk of getting infected especially for example if they share the same room. If the droplets containing tuberculosis bacilli are large they become embedded in the proximal airways. Which should not cause an infection. The infection happens when the particles are small, enough to cross the upper respiratory defence and reach the lungs. In 1950 several antibiotic were developed

For many people in the U.S. tuberculosis represents a disease process that one rarely sees. For this reason the reality of tuberculosis outside of the U.S. can easily be lost. CDC statistics report that approximately one third of the world 's population is infected with tuberculosis.1 This can be a sobering statistic for an individual wholly removed from the idea that tuberculosis, abbreviated TB, remains a prominent disease process throughout much of the world. The objective will be to provide not just an informative description of the disease, it 's etiology, clinical manifestations, treatments, and prognosis, but also to provide a reminder that tuberculosis retains a significant presence in the world despite the early

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a contagious infection that begins in the lungs and rapidly pass to other organs in the body including the kidneys, brain and bones. According to (WHO, 2016) nearly one third of the world’s population have tuberculosis, furthermore, approximately two million people die from the disease worldwide. Tuberculosis is spread by inhaling airborne droplets from an infected person. These airborne particles come from the infected person by sneezing, coughing or laughing. Tuberculosis cannot spread, from touching a doorknob after a person with tuberculosis have touch it. Most infectious do not have symptoms, known as latent tuberculosis approximately one in ten latent infections eventually develops latent disease

Tuberculosis is often called “TB.” It spreads when people who have active TB in their lungs cough or sneeze and the droplets come in contact with another person. TB is one of the leading causes of death. This usually results in about 1.8 billion people a year becoming infected with the bacterial disease.

Although Tuberculosis is a contagious disease, it is not transmissible by physical contacts. In addition Tb cannot be transmitted by kissing, touching even if a person is being in contact with a positive patient 's clothing. However, TB is able to transmit from a mother to an unborn baby, if she has the active microorganism in the lungs. The fact that the baby is connected to the mother’s placenta by the umbilical cord, therefore, she/he is able to breath in the bacteria. In addition, Tuberculosis is able to transmit from person to another, this happen when a positive person caught, sneezes, or laughs he/she spreads some tiny microorganism called droplet nuclei in the air; those small droplet nuclei has the ability to stay alive

Tuberculosis (TB) is a airborne and contagious-infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli, usually establishes its infection in the lungs and known as pulmonary tuberculosis also can affect other sites and known as extrapulmonary tuberculosis (Rodrigo,2006; Comas,2009). Human Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global public health problem for both developed and developing countries , is the second cause of death in worldwide, after the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In 2014,World Health Organization (WHO) estimated the burden of TB disease was 9.6 million new cases worldwide and 1.5 million deaths were estimated to be caused by TB (WHO,2015) .TB resumption is mainly a consequence due to onset of the AIDS pandemic and emergence of drug resistant strains MDR(WHO,2014 ), therefore TB rates rose once again, and with that, the need to tackle TB more effectively all over the world .

Tuberculosis is among the fatal diseases that are spread through the air. It’s contagious, meaning that it spreads from one infected individual to another, and at times it spreads very fast. In addition to being contagious, the disease is an opportunist infection as it takes advantage of those with weak defense mechanism, and especially the ones with terminal diseases like HIV and AIDS. Tuberculosis is therefore among the major concerns for the World Health Organization due to its contagious nature (World Health Organization 1).