Tuberculosis As A Prime Leading Health Problem

Tuberculosis has long been a disease that the human culture has been dealing with which entails significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. With dealing with such a horrific disease over the years, discoveries and evolution on the appropriate ways to contain, diagnose, and challengingly treat the disease has changed. One of the most concerning complications of this worldwide public health issue is the ability for it to quickly spread in high populated areas while becoming ever more resistant to forms of treatment not available in all locations around the world. This is a serious public

Tuberculosis is most of the feared and widespread that has harassed humans. Tuberculosis is a disease that affects the lungs and other organs too. This is a very serious disease that can cause death and the worse part is that this disease travels to one person to another. In the book, Know about Tuberculosis, a boy who has tuberculosis sneezed on another boy named Kevin who did not automatically catch tuberculosis, but the terms have taken root. According to the book, Know about Tuberculosis, “In the United States, about ten to fifteen million people are infected with this disease, but only ten percent of people are infected; however doctors assume that the battle against tuberculosis is increasing around the world.” Tuberculosis is among the major concerns for the World Health Organization due to its contagious nature.

Tuberculosis is a deadly disease that is now affecting our world and the people living in it in a horrible way. Due to many factors such as poverty, HIV/AIDS, and lack of health care, many third world and developing countries have been left very vulnerable to tuberculosis. It is affecting a large part of these countries and is leading them deeper into poverty and sickness. The effort to help these countries against tuberculosis has only been slightly effective against this widespread and destructive disease.

According to the World Health Organization, tuberculosis (TB) is the number two killer worldwide due to a single infectious agent (WHO, 2017). In 2015, 10.4 million new cases have been identified and 1.8 million people have died from this disease (WHO, 2017). TB is caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium TB, and the majority of TB deaths occur in low and middle-income countries. This disease is curable and preventable, but the lack of access to proper healthcare and medication administration makes it a concern for the most of the world’s population. TB is an airborne disease that can transmit when an infected person coughs, sneezes, spits, laughs, or talks. The majority of TB cases can be cured when the right medications are available and

Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), also known as TB, is a disease spread by respiratory inhalation of droplets that contain the bacteria. Tuberculosis is an ancient disease that has been traced back at least 9000 years. In 1882, Dr. Robert Koch was the first physician to describe Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the germ responsible for tuberculosis. However, treatment that was evidenced based was not put into practice until the 20th century. It is estimated that 2 billion people around the world are infected with the TB bacteria. Approximately 5 to 10 percent of these infected people will actual develop active TB and experience the life-threatening symptoms of the disease. Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that most commonly affects the lungs. The etiologic agent can be expelled from one infected person via a sneeze or a cough, and enter the air and then the body of another person, leading to another infected person (“Tuberculosis, 2012). According to “What is TB?” (n.d.), someone who has diagnosed tuberculosis but is not receiving any form of treatment can pass the disease to up to 15 people in on year. Treatment of TB is necessary, so if symptoms are ignored, an infected person could die. Prevalence of this disease is not as common in the United States as it is in other countries. In 2014, there were approximately 9,421 reported cases; trends show that TB prevalence continues to decreases each year. Of

Tuberculosis, TB (tubercle bacillus) or MTB (mycobacterium tuberculosis) is a widespread, and in numerous cases fatal, communicable disease produced by a variety of forms of mycobacteria. The disease is distributed within the air when individuals who are infected with active TB infection sneeze, cough, or pass on breathing fluids throughout the air. Generally infections are asymptomatic, meaning they feel or show no symptoms, and dormant, but then again approximately one in ten dormant infections in the long run move on to the active disease. If left untouched, active TB is fatal to more than half of those infected.

Tuberculosis ranks as the second leading cause of death from a single infectious agent as per the 2014 WHO report and continues as a global health problem. Global Emergency was declared by WHO against tuberculosis in March 1993. As per the WHO 2015 report 9.6 million were affected with TB globally and 1.5 million people died in 2014. India reported 23% of total cases globally with highest prevalence rate of 195 per 105 populations. In the total 9.6 million new cases of TB 1.2 million cases were HIV positive. India is one among the top ten countries reported with MDR and XDR-TB. The etiological agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an Acid-fast bacillus which is spread by air borne droplets and aerosols and infects most commonly the lungs

Tuberculosis is caused mainly in humans by a bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) (Harvard Medical School). It can also be caused by Mycobacterium bovis (Bates & Ciment 2013). The tuberculosis bacilli is about two-millionths of a meter long (Farrell 113) and is spread through the air by coughing. After the tuberculosis enters the body, it quickly spreads (Harvard Medical School). When most bacteria enters the body, it gets caught in the mucus in the airway. TB bacilli are such tiny droplets that it slips past the mucus and into the lung’s air sacs (Farrell 114). It hides in the lungs since there is plenty of oxygen. TB can also reside in the lymph nodes and appears to be mumps, or in the voice

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is uses the method of spread by small airborne droplets, which is called called droplet nuclei. It is produced by the coughing, sneezing, talking, or singing of a person with pulmonary or laryngeal tuberculosis (Nawrath et al.,2012). Hence, is frequently spread through aerosolizing of the bacterium.  The foremost infection route of the bacterium is through the lungs; nonetheless, invasion of mucous membranes or breaks in the skin are also possible. Direct person to person transmission of M. tuberculosis occurs through exposure to airborne bacilli in the sputum of infected persons.  Medical personnel are at risk of infection during autopsies, intubation, bronchoscopies or through dermal inoculation.

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis transmits from an infected person to un infected person through droplet infection. This airborne particles which are called as droplet nuclie are one to five microns in diameter and able to suvive for several hours in air under favorable environments.Persons who are diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis should be treated with multi drug therapy under “Direct Observational Therapy”(DOT). Respiratory hygiene should be in practice to prevent spreading. A surgical mask should be worn by the patient to prevent spreading of droplet infection.(CDC)

TB has been taunting not only humans, but also animals for well over thousands of years. Within these years, a great deal of research and experiments have been conducted on this infectious disease. Many scientists have conducted this research and have made profound discoveries about Tuberculosis. This paper will explore not just Tuberculosis ' history but rather key information and important facts about this disease. Such information includes the discovery of antibiotics and medications produced through the years that are used to help cure the disease.

Tuberculosis typically occur in two phases; primary infection and the reinfection or reactivation phase (Ortner, 2003). The first phase primarily occurs in children and typically results in a brief period of illness followed by the remission of the disease. That being said, a small percentage of individuals’ immune systems will not be able to limit the replication of bacilli and will succumb to tuberculosis. Essentially they will proceed directly to the second phase without a latent period. The second phase can occur several years to decades later and, in

Active TB is characterized by a persistent cough for more than 3 weeks, decreased appetite, general weakness, and profuse night sweats. Not everyone infected with TB bacteria becomes sick with it. Rather, the TB remains latent in the bodies of about 90 percent of those infected and they will not develop TB disease. People with latent TB do not spread TB to others and active tb you can spread it to others (Frith, 2014). Diagnosis for tb can be done through a skin test or chest x-ray. There are also vaccines and drugs for TB. TB can lie low inside a person for decades. An 80-year-old man suffering from active TB may have been infected as a child and may have come down with the disease only as his immune system weakened

Tuberculosis is among the fatal diseases that are spread through the air. It’s contagious, meaning that it spreads from one infected individual to another, and at times it spreads very fast. In addition to being contagious, the disease is an opportunist infection as it takes advantage of those with weak defense mechanism, and especially the ones with terminal diseases like HIV and AIDS. Tuberculosis is therefore among the major concerns for the World Health Organization due to its contagious nature (World Health Organization 1).