Tuberculosis Is A Top Infectious Disease Killer Worldwide

Tuberculosis is a disease of an infectious nature caused by a bacterium known as mycobacterium tuberculosis. The disease spreads through the air. People with the disease can spread it to susceptible people through coughing, sneezing, talking or spitting. It mainly affects the lungs and other parts such as the lymph nodes and kidneys can also be affected. The symptoms for TB are fatigue, coughing, night sweats, weight loss and fever. One third of the population of the world is affected with mycobacterium tuberculosis. The rate of infection is estimated to be one person per second. About 14 million people in the world are infected with active tuberculosis. Drug resistant TB has been recorded to be a serious public health hazard in many countries. Resistant strains have developed making it difficult to treat the disease. TB has caused millions of death mainly in people living with HIV/AIDS ADDIN EN.CITE Ginsberg19981447(Ginsberg, 1998)1447144717Ginsberg, Ann M.The Tuberculosis Epidemic: Scientific Challenges and OpportunitiesPublic Health Reports (1974-)Public Health Reports (1974-)128-13611321998Association of Schools of Public Health00333549http://www.jstor.org/stable/4598234( HYPERLINK l "_ENREF_3" o "Ginsberg, 1998 #1447" Ginsberg, 1998). The World Health Organization came up with the DOTS (Directly Observed, Therapy, Short course) strategy. The approach involves diagnosing cases and treating patients with drugs for about 6-8

Tuberculosis, TB (tubercle bacillus) or MTB (mycobacterium tuberculosis) is a widespread, and in numerous cases fatal, communicable disease produced by a variety of forms of mycobacteria. The disease is distributed within the air when individuals who are infected with active TB infection sneeze, cough, or pass on breathing fluids throughout the air. Generally infections are asymptomatic, meaning they feel or show no symptoms, and dormant, but then again approximately one in ten dormant infections in the long run move on to the active disease. If left untouched, active TB is fatal to more than half of those infected.

Tuberculosis is a bacterial disease that is spread through the air from person to person. It attacks the lungs mainly, although it can also affect different areas in the body such as the kidneys, the brain, and the spine. Tuberculosis is both preventable and curable. It requires treatment and proper medication use. If someone affected by TB is not properly treated there is a high risk of death. The two main drugs used in curing patients with TB are isoniazid and rifampicin. Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis(MDR TB) is resistant to both of these drugs used for treatment, making it extremely hard to cure patients with the disease. Tuberculosis travels through the bloodstream and makes the immune system weak. Multidrug-Resistant TB is caused by improper use of medication. To prevent Tuberculosis from becoming Multidrug-Resistant, patients should take their full prescriptions of their antibiotics, make certain that their antibiotics are high quality, and perform the proper treatment course. Extensive Mulitdrug-Resistant Tuberculosis(XDR TB) is even more of a threat due to its resistance to more drugs than just isoniazid and rifampicin. Being resistant to a wide range of medication, Extensive Mulitdrug-Resistant Tuberculosis is even harder to cure than MDR TB. It leaves patients with small options of treatment that have little effect. People with autoimmune diseases like HIV are way

When looking to educate myself on the most commonly seen health conditions in hospitals, I turned to Mrs. Tonya Simpson RN, a registered nurse at St. Joseph hospital in New Jersey. Mrs. Simpson informed me that Tuberculosis is a disease that she sees profusely at St. Joseph hospital. During the interview I gained great insight on why she chose this particular disease, the etiology, the frequency, prevalence, pathophysiology, signs/symptoms, treatments, and the prognosis of Tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a very prevalent, very contagious, and very deadly disease worldwide. According to the Centers for Disease Control, one third of the population is infected with TB. (Centers for Disease Control Data and statistics) While less common than it has ever been, tuberculosis has seen an upsurge in the last three decades directly related to the AIDS epidemic, but also as a result of the development of many multi-drug-resistant strains. This is of particular concern in developing nations hit hard by AIDS infections, but it is also evidenced in an upswing in the United States. (Nester, Anderson and Roberts)

For many people in the U.S. tuberculosis represents a disease process that one rarely sees. For this reason the reality of tuberculosis outside of the U.S. can easily be lost. CDC statistics report that approximately one third of the world 's population is infected with tuberculosis.1 This can be a sobering statistic for an individual wholly removed from the idea that tuberculosis, abbreviated TB, remains a prominent disease process throughout much of the world. The objective will be to provide not just an informative description of the disease, it 's etiology, clinical manifestations, treatments, and prognosis, but also to provide a reminder that tuberculosis retains a significant presence in the world despite the early

Some patients exhibit multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and therefore require more toxic medications, involving much longer treatment protocols (up to 20 months), with less success.2

Patients must take at least two first-line drugs for as long as 18 months to two years. But with such therapy, the patient is usually non-infectious within two weeks and can resume his normal life activities, including going back to work. The New anti TB drug has wiped off the onerous and dangerous aspects of the TB patient care. But there are factors that interfere with the medication-taking which are unpleasant side effects and the feeling of well-being the patient experiences, which may lead him to believe he no longer needs his medication. Another factor is the expense of medications.

A nightmare of no modern medication for tuberculosis had dawned on varieties of people since the deadly disease can spread quickly around thousands of people. The deaths to this infectious bacteria have caused people to question the real known facts of tuberculosis. The bacteria called mycobacterium has scared thousands of people to the point where they can’t even think what happens to people with this disease beyond their country borders. Tuberculosis is a pervasive disease caused by just one cough or sneeze, sending you straight to the hospital and fighting for you’re life to be treated.

Tuberculosis (TB), a deadly contagious disease is among the three major infectious killers that causes high mortality and morbidity, worldwide.1 Tuberculosis infects one-third of the world's population with an estimated 8.7 million new cases and 1.4 million deaths every year (WHO, 2012)2. Tuberculosis prevention has become more complex due to increased resistance against different antibiotics including rifampicin.3

“Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious and an often severe airborne disease caused by bacterial infection. TB is transmitted from an infected person to a susceptible person in airborne particles, called droplet nuclei, through the air usually through sneezing, coughing, spitting and singing. This bacterium usually attacks the lungs, but it also may affect any part of the body such as the kidney, spine and brain. Not everyone infected with TB bacteria becomes sick. As a result there are two TB- related conditions that exist; latent TB infection and TB disease. The latent TB does not cause any symptoms because the bacterium situated in the lungs is inactive. People can have latent TB for weeks or even years before developing active TB. If this disease is not treated properly, it can be fatal. The symptoms of TB disease depend on where in the body the TB bacteria are growing. Pulmonary TB is the most common and the symptoms are a bad cough that lasts for 3 weeks or longer, chest pain, blood discharge while coughing, weakness or fatigue, weight loss, no appetite, chills, fever and sweating at night” (CDC, 2016).

Primary TB infection, the first stage, begins when a person inhales an airborne bacteria. This is mostly common when a person is in close contact with an infected person with active TB who is coughing or sneezing. For most, the inhaled bacteria is killed immediately by the immune system. However, others aren’t so fortunate because the TB bacteria are engulfed by macrophages, which are a type of white cell, and enter dormant state. The dormant state can last several years or even a lifetime. However that’s not always the case, in certain populations including infants, the elderly, those with recent acquired TB infection and those with weakened immune system the symptoms of tuberculosis can show within weeks of the primary infection. The second stage is the Latent TB infection Although the bacteria is dormant and the person won’t have any symptoms, a tuberculin skin test or blood test for TB will show a positive result. It will show that the person has been exposed to TB and has latent infection. If discovered, treatment is recommended in certain individuals at high risk to try and prevent further spread. The third and final stage is Active Tuberculosis in which the bacteria is multiplying in the body and causing symptoms and physical changes. These symptoms develop slowly due to the fact that the TB pathogen multiplies very slowly. The most common symptoms of active

Tuberculosis is a major pandemic all across the world. It mainly effects the lungs but can spread to other organs. It is a bacterial infection that can be treated. Tuberculosis germs are spread through the air through coughing, sneezing, or spitting. It takes very few of these germs to breathed in to get this disease. About a third of people have latent tuberculosis which is when you have been infected by it but you 're not yet sick. you also can not transmit the disease to other people when you have latent tuberculosis. Millions of lives have been saved by diagnosing on time and correctly treating tuberculosis. Latent tuberculosis is treated by a 9 month one drug treatment while active tuberculosis is treated by a normal 4 drug 6 month treatment. (NA october 2014)

Tuberculosis is a prime leading health problem throughout the universe. It is the second utmost cause of death from a contagious agent killing nearly 20 million people each year. There are two major elements that are contributing to the current TB endemic and its combined morbidity and mortality include; growing human immunodeficiency virus outbreaks and rising prevalence of resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains of the most effective anti-TB drugs. Another causative to the development of resistance is the destitute quality of drugs, improper treatment management, patient non-cooperation and malabsorption due to other integral conditions. This paper is comprised of the pathophysiology of TB, etiology, diagnosis, signs and

Tuberculosis, also identified as TB, has been around for countless years. In the past, however, the disease was not known, which made it untreatable in most healthcare settings. The evolution of time made it possible to easily detect and manage tuberculosis before people were adversely affected by it. It is a disease that often affects an individual’s lungs, but it can also affect other body parts. The spine, kidneys, bones, and even the lymph nodes may sometimes be affected by the disease. The spread is usually from one person with the disease to an uninfected person through the air. Whenever individuals with the TB disease cough, laugh, or even talk, the disease is spread through tiny droplets that are found in the person’s respiratory