Tuberculosis Is An Airborne Transmitted Disease

Tuberculosis is caused by the bacteria “Mycobacterium Tuberculosis” and is mainly causes infection of the lungs (WHO, 2016). Its mode of transmission is airborne, so it can be passed on by inhalation of airborne droplets which carrying the bacteria, when an infected patient coughs, sneezes, or spits the TB germs into the air (WHO, 1026). Among the symptoms of active TB are: cough with sputum and blood, chest pains, weakness, fever and night sweats (WHO, 2016). Most at risk to get the TB infection are people with weakened immune system such as people who are suffering from chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, severe kidney disease, silicosis and especially HIV infection (CDC, 2016). Children and Tobacco users are also at greater risk to fall ill with TB.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a pathogen, which its physiology is directly linked to features of tuberculosis that it causes. The crucial feature for a mycobacteria’s survival is its unique cell wall structure. The insoluble cell wall core of MTB is formed by a large variety of lipid-containing molecules, such as mycolic acid, that are covalently attached (6). This hydrophobic cell wall provides a physical protection from the host immune response and serves as a barrier against many toxic insults (2). Further, the complex MTB cell wall is impermeable to both hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules, resulting in inherent resistance of MTB to most common antibiotics (8). Lipoarabinomannan is an antigen on the outside of the organism. This antigen is another important component of the cell wall because it inhibit the fusion of Mycobacterium-containing phagosomes with lysosomal compartments (4). Lipoarabinomannan hinders the fusion of phagosome with lysosome by impairing Ca2+/calmodulin pathway and inactivates macrophages (8). Therefore, this cell-surface component of MTB is able to facilitate the survival of mycrobacteria within macrophages (8). Also, MTB is able to survive the harsh environment of the host tissues by utilizing any available

Tuberculosis is an airborne disease caused by a bacteria that goes by the name of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. This bacteria is a rod-like shaped and can be very hard to treat, especially if it become multidrug-resistant. Many people have it and don’t even realize it because they have a certain type of TB called latent TB infection. This is when you have the tuberculosis bacteria in your body but it hasn’t started multiplying. There are different tests for it and different medications people can take to treat it. Young adults, HIV positive patients, smokers and any other patients that have illnesses that weaken their immune systems are the people most likely to get tuberculosis. It is said that HIV patients are 26 to 31 times more likely to become ill with TB.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic bacterial infection that affects millions of people globally. It is a contagious disease that is spread through the air, and it usually affects the lungs. It is transmitted from person to person through droplets from the respiratory tract of those who are already infected with the disease. Some who are infected with the bacteria that causes TB often exhibit no symptoms, because their immune systems stop the bacteria from growing and multiplying. Those with compromised immune systems are more susceptible to developing the full blown disease which can cause symptoms that include coughing, spitting blood, chest pains, weakness, weight loss, and fever. Tuberculosis can be treated with a six to nine month course of a combination of antibiotics. If left untreated, TB will spread and can be fatal.

Tuberculosis spreads throughout the lymph nodes and bloodstream. It is spread through the air by coughing, sneezing, or talking with a person with this infection. Most cases of this bacterial infection have an inactive form but made active by their immune system weakening.

Tuberculosis can infect anywhere in the body, but it infects the lungs most commonly, which is known as the pulmonary tuberculosis [4]. Tuberculosis can be latent when infected, and developed into active TB disease. People with latent TB (about 33.3% of the world population) will not have any symptoms and will not transmit the disease to other people. However, they are at a 10% risk that it will develop into active TB over their lifetime. The symptoms include cough, fever, fatigue, chills, night sweat, weight loss, etc. TB is transmitted through air by coughing, spitting, speaking, and sneezing, etc. [3][4]. A person can be infected by inhaling just a few of the bacterium [3].

Tuberculosis, also known as TB, is a very common bacterial infection. It can travel through your bloodstream and infect any organ in your body. It can be in an inactive form, which means these people will never develop symptoms. Those with weaker immune systems are more likely to have an active TB infection. Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is also the scientific name of tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a long, slender, straight (sometimes slightly curved) rod. It is neither gram-positive, nor gram-negative because it has a high lipid content within its wall. Because of this, acid-fast staining is used. Mycobacteria tuberculosis reproduce by binary fission which is a form of asexual reproduction. They reproduce quickest and best in an oxygenated area ("Tuberculosis", 2016). Below, you will find all you need to know about tuberculosis, including epidemiology, incubation and duration, signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and even a case study on TB itself.

TB is caused by an airborne bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It can be passed from

Tuberculosis, or more commonly TB, is a chronic infection caused by the rod- shaped bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Furlan, Silva, & Marcon, 2014). This bacterium was discovered by Dr. Robert Koch in 1882, and since its discovery, TB has continued to be one of the leading cause of human mortality in the world (Cambau, & Drancourt, 2014). Regrettably, over 1/3 of the world’s populace has tuberculosis (CDC, 2016a). This grim statistic makes it very difficult to contain each occurrence of tuberculosis. This is one of the issues surrounding the disease today. Furthermore, vaccines like the Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine, exists for Tuberculosis; however, its effectiveness is dependent on region, genetic differences in the

TB is highly transmissible as MTB have the ability to spread from one person to another via air droplets when a person with active pulmonary TB coughs, sneezes, or expels air. A person can be infected with TB by inhaling only of few of the bacteria. The lungs are the primary sites of TB infection. As MTB enter the respiratory system of the exposed individual, the bacteria trigger an antigen-specific T cell response, which involves

Tubercle bacilli emerged as a pathogen from East Africa, and as people migrated so did the disease. Tuberculosis lesions contain acid fast bacilli which have been found in Egyptian and Peruvian mummies (Schlossberg page 97). From these findings, historians and microbiologists have concluded that mycobacterium is millions of years old.

Tuberculosis is a airborne bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria (Mtb). It is one of the most common diseases worldwide. A person can either have an Mtb infection (inactive) or the TB disease (active). (1, 3)

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Marieb, 2012). Tuberculosis is a contagious infection that begins in the lungs and spread to other organs in the body including the kidneys, brain and bones. Tuberculosis is spread by inhaling airborne droplets from an infected person. These airborne particles are spread when the infected person sneezes, coughs or laughs. Tuberculosis cannot be spread, by contact. Tuberculosis is caused by a rod shaped bacterium or bacillus called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These droplets are discharged into the air by a person with active tuberculosis (Britannica, 2012). The spreading progress is very effective. These droplets can remain in the air for several hours in addition it only needs ten bacilli to start an infection. When the infected air is breathed in, the bacilli enter the lungs through the bronchioles and into the alveoli. The bacilli then infect the alveoli

Tuberculosis can spread by contagious airborne droplets that are passed on easily through close contact with a person who has active or untreated TB. As a person coughs, sneezes, or interacts, it can relinquish infectious droplets into the air. Once a person inhales the infectious droplet (bacillus), it settles in the upper airways. “Bacteria in droplets that bypass the mucociliary system and reach the alveoli are expeditiously circumvented and engulfed by alveolar macrophages, the most abundant immune effector cells present in alveolar spaces” (Knechel, 2009). These macrophages are a component of the immune system that fights to destroy the mycobacteria to obviate infection. “The outcome is essentially determined by the quality of the host bulwarks and the balance that occurs between host bulwarks and the invading mycobacteria” (Knechel, 2009). If the alveolar macrophage fails to overcome the inhaled mycobacteria, the bacteria will replicate until the macrophage lysis. As the monocytes are magnetized to the infection site, it then separates into macrophages and consumes the free bacilli. The mycobacteria then multiply within the macrophages causing it to become infected. The infected macrophages may then be transported to the lymph nodes where it can easily reach the blood stream. After two to three weeks of infection, the helper T cells are

Tuberculosis, also known as (TB), has been around for decades and is still active across the globe. This infectious disease is caused by the bacterium called Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacteria are commonly found in the lungs, but it can spread to other organs such as the kidneys, spine, and brain. As expected, many people believe that everyone who is exposed to TB will become ill, however this not true. Regarding this, there are two TB-related conditions exist: latent TB infection (dormant) and TB disease (active). As evidence shows, you can die from the disease if you do not seek treatment in a timely manner (CDC, 2017a). Anyone can become infected with TB if they breathe in the bacteria that is spread by tiny air droplets when a person coughs or speaks (CDC, 2017b). Further testing, such as a chest x-ray and a sample of sputum (mucus), is necessary to see whether the person has TB disease (CDC, 2017c).