Tumor Induced Osteomalacia Case Studies

Gorham’s disease is an extremely rare musculoskeletal disease of unknown origin that is characterized by the uncontrolled production of distended, thin-walled vascular or lymphatic channels within bone, which leads to resorption and replacement of bone with angiomas and/or fibrosis and the destruction of bone (Lymphangiomatosis and Gorham’s Disease Alliance [LGD Alliance] 2016). This disease usually occurs in children or younger adults that are forty years or younger. Diagnosis and treatment is usually delayed due to the rarity of this disease and due to the fact that many physicians do not have the chance to learn about this disease (Patel, 2005). Because of the loss of the affected bone, the condition is also called disappearing bone disease, vanishing bone disease, and massive osteolysis. Osteolysis means the breaking down of bone. The word is broken up into bone (osteo) and breaking down or destruction (lysis) (LGD Alliance 2016). Fewer than 200 accounts of Gorham’s Disease are reported in the medical literature (National Organization of Rare Disease [NORD] 2008). The condition got its name when Gorham and his colleagues discovered two patients with massive osteolysis in 1954. In 1955, Gorham and Stout discovered further information on these cases and named the disease Gorham’s disease, sometimes called Gorham-Stout disease (Patel, 2005).

This cancer is a bone cancer that attack the bones, especially large bones. This cancer is named osteogenic sarcoma(Osteosarcoma) for medical term (“Osteosarcoma”, n.d.). Osteosarcoma mostly affects people under 25 years old, and it can affect old people but it is really rare(“Osteosarcoma: An Introduction.”, 2012). When this cancer attacks, it grows bones, and any type of bone (“Bone cancer”,2013). This cancer is an ancient disease that we started to recognize in 1805. Most of the symptoms are on the bones (“Bone cancer”,2013). It also is not contagious so its not passed from person to person like other diseases.

The patient is an 86-year-old female who was brought to the emergency room because of bilateral leg swelling. She was recently discharged from the Arbor Glen Reha and she's developed increasing bilateral leg edema. Her medical history is significant for hypothyroidism, chronic kidney disease stage II, anemia which is a chronic, ulcer in the sacral ulcer stage III and she denies any other symptoms. Review of the lab work does show a bump in her creatinine from 1.27 baseline in February of 18 to 1.54 on this admission with an increase in her BUN. She also demonstrates a mild anemia of 10 with a MCV of 90. Her edema is described as massive by the attending physician. PT examination reveals she needs significant assistance to moneuver her

At today’s visit the patient is awake, alert and oriented. He reports that he has loss 8 lbs recently. He has a poor appetite and has not been taking his megace. He reports generalized neoplasm pain, which he describes as aching with a severity of 4/10. He reports that his pain does not radiate and there are no aggravating factors. He reports that his pain is manage with his current pain regimen of

At today's visit he is accompany by his wife. He is awake, alert and oriented times 3. He complained of neoplasm related back pain that he describes as stabbing and constant that radiates to his abdomen, the pain is 4/10 in severity. His neoplasm related pain regimen includes Fentanyl Patches 75 mcg Q 48 hrs; Dilaudid 2mg PO Q 4 hours as needed for neoplasm

R.M. is a 74-year-old Caucasian male with a history of stage IV neuroendocrine tumor with metastasis who was admitted from the ER with a fever of unknown cause and sudden onset of bilateral lower extremity weakness. Brain cancer due to metastasis will first be discussed along with etiology, signs, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment methods. The patient’s comorbidity of chronic anemia will then be discussed and related to the diagnosis of cancer. The suspected diagnosis of cauda equina syndrome will then be related to the patient's sudden onset of weakness and diagnosis of brain cancer. Finally, the patient’s admitting diagnosis of fever will be discussed, along with the suspected diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI).

For this unit I chose Ewing's sarcoma, a malignant bone tumor, and a primary bone cancer that originates in bone cells. According to Derrer, David a medical reviewer for WebMD, Ewing's sarcoma is a family of tumors that is located in the long bones of the legs and arms, or bones in the chest, pelvis, back, or head (2014). It also develops in the skull or flat bones of the trunks. The most common symptoms of Ewing's sarcoma is pain, however symptoms might vary, depending on the size and location of the cancer. Other symptoms may also include swelling, tenderness, or stiffness in the affected area, fracture, fatigue, fever, weight loss, and anemia. The exact cause of Ewing sarcoma is not fully understood. There seems to be no known risk factors

Osteomyelitis is a rare but serious infection of the bone. Bone infection can be acute or chronic. If they’re not a properly treatment, a certain bone can be damaged permanently. It is caused by bacteria or fungi invading a bone. Bones can become infected by many ways: Infection can be located in one part of the body or can spread through the bloodstream into the bone, in some cases, the reason is an open fracture or surgery may expose the bone to infection. In children, the most popular place where bone infections occur is in the long bones of the arms and legs. On the other hand, Infection’s appearance is in the hips, spine, and feet.

Osteonecrosis in the jaw is a serious disease that can be painful for a patient. There are numerous stages to osteonecrosis as well as contributing factors. Several clinical studies have been conducted in order to view what features are the most prominent in supplying osteonecrosis to a patient. Dental hygienists play a significant role in assessing and treating patients who have osteonecrosis and can even help inhibit the disease.

Extraskeletal osteosarcoma of the orbit is a disease of the skeletal system. In this scientific journal a twenty-two year old man who had multiple symptoms, including: increased swelling of the left eye and occasional pain. At first the patient seemed perfectly healthy with no symptoms indicative of cancer. His vision and ocular movement were up to par. However, a CT scan revealed a homogeneous mass in the left orbit. The tumor was not attached to the bone so the diagnosis is extraskeletal osteosarcoma. The patient underwent left frontal transcranial orbitotomy and complete removal of the tumor. This type of cancer is usually only present in the patient’s 40th or 50th years of life.

There are a wide variety of cancers affecting people and their loved ones everyday such as breast, lung, brain, and skin cancer just to name a few. Bone cancer is a rare type of cancer not talked about quite as often, but it still affects a large number of people. It is important to learn about bone cancer and its many manifestations in order to make quicker diagnoses and hopefully move closer towards finding a cure.

“These tumors can cause pain, limit joint movement, and exert pressure on nerves, blood vessels, and surround tissues” (2). Multiple tumors can also “disrupt bone growth and can cause disturbances of the arms, hands, and legs, leading to

amount of enzyme is present in the blood when cells that form the bone tissue

Thank you for giving me the opportunity to recommend an appropriate treatment plan to combat Mrs. Laura Kingsbury’s osteoporosis. Based upon LK’s disease state and anticipated vitamin B shot, I recommend Zoledronic acid 5mg IV infused for no less than 15 minutes once every 12 months.1,2,3,4 This formulation would help avoid non adherence and is cost effective.1

Approximately 60–70% of patients with systemic cancer will develop spinal metastasis [27], a condition for which a delay in treatment may rapidly degrade the quality of life and shorten survival, as they are at risk of irreversible neurological damages.