Tumors And Tumors

8. After surgery, R.T. is admitted to the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) with a large

It is called malignant because not only can it invade into adjacent organs but unfortunately a cancer can spread to other tissues and that can be life threatening. Cancer can actually occur anywhere in the body because there are cells everywhere in the body. In women, one of the most common cancers of course is breast cancer, in men prostate cancer and in men and women, lung cancer and colon cancer are common cancers. It is important to understand that the cancer that occurs in one individual is very different from the cancer that occurs in another. Everyone is different; a lung tumor in one person will be different from a lung tumor in another person. Once a diagnosis of cancer is made, the next obvious question is what do you do? There are several things that are really relevant, for example, the stage of the cancer which is information about where is the cancer? You say it’s a particular kind of cancer? How much cancer is present? Has is spread? Is it in lymph nodes? Has it spread to other organs of the body? Cancer affects everyone in one way or another. Whether it is a family member, loved one or ourselves, cancer has touched our lives.

the American Cancer Society there are benign tumors, which are rare and often develop in

One thing that we never want to hear a doctor say to us is that we have a tumor. Tumors are classified into two different classes, malignant or benign. Malignant are cancerous and are life threatening, while benign are not life threatening. Malignant tumors may spread to other parts of the body, while benign tumors stay in the place where they started. When the cells in a tumor are normal, it is benign. When the cells are abnormal and grow uncontrollably, they are cancerous cells. Looking at tumor cells through a microscope, cancer cells appear to have abnormal

Solid tumors can be either malignant or benign. Malignant solid tumors are cancerous, while benign solid tumors are not. The names of solid tumors vary depending on the cells or tissues that from them. Examples of solid tumors include sarcomas (connective tissues e.g. fat cells, muscles, nerves, tendons etc), carcinomas (begin in tissues that lines the internal surface of the body and body organs e.g. breast, lung, prostrate, and colon), Lymphomas (affects the immune system).

Another cause of osteomalacia, although very uncommon, is tumor induced, also know as oncogenic osteomalacia (Kaul et al., 2007). The most common tumor form is phosphaturic mesenchymal and this tumor releases excess fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23). The release of FGF23 results in hypophosphatemia, or low phosphate levels in the body by decreasing small intestine and renal resorption of phosphate (William et al., 2011). FGF23 also inhibits 1α-hydroxylase which prevents the formation of the active form of vitamin D. In normal conditions, the bones increase the release of FGF23 when phosphate levels are high, so one can imagine how severe osteomalacia can result from the body being told it has too much phosphate when

Malignant gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumors. As already shown in the Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States (CBTRUS) report from 1998 – 2002, gliomas account for approximately 80 % of all malignant brain tumors and at least 30 % of all brain and CNS neoplasms (Ostrom et al., 2014). A number of putative risk factors that have been associated with brain tumors have been discussed. However, there is no clear cause for brain and CNS tumors. Less that 1 % are linked to lifestyle or environmental factors (Parkin, Boyd, & Walker, 2011). The only exposure that has been shown to affect glioma risk is ionizing radiation and has been classified as a cause by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) (Cogliano

tumors have invaded below the epidermis and into the dermis but are small and have no high

Chondrosarcoma is an unusual tumor or cancer growth mainly affecting the surface of cartilage joints. CS can grow in various areas; however, is mostly present in longer bones and in pelvic areas. This growth tends to affect a variety of different ages. Though chondrosarcoma is more likely to occur in males, the growth can also occur in females.

Fig.42 :The tumor detection. A grade 2 periosteal chondrosarcoma in the humeral shaft. (A) Axial T2-weighted image before surgery. There is a small lesion hyperintense on the image (circle) in the posterior periosteum of the humeral shaft. (B) Axial diffusion weighted image. The tumor is hyperintense on DWI sequence (circle), easier to detect because of the high tissue contrast. (C) Axial T2-weighted image 6 months after the surgery. There is a very small residue of the tumor in the surgical site (circle), which is difficult to find on conventional MR imaging. (D) Axial diffusion-weighted image. The tumoral residue shows hyperintensity on diffusion-weighted image sequence (circle), which facilitates the detection. quoted from (Costa et al.,

Chondrosarcoma, which begins in cartilaginous tissue. Cartilage pads the ends of bones and lines the joints. Chondrosarcoma occurs most often in the pelvis (located between the hip bones), upper leg, and shoulder. Sometimes a chondrosarcoma contains cancerous bone cells. In that case, doctors classify the tumor as an

An epithelial – myoepithelial tumor is an extremely rare pulmonary neoplasm. Usually these tumors occur in the salivary glands and represents approximately 1% of the primary tumors arising from them (1). Tracheobronchial submucous glands are considered equivalent to the minor salivary glands and salivary gland like tumors can arise from these glands very rarely. Of these, epithelial – myoepithelial tumors are extremely rare and usually have a benign course after surgical resection. Usually the clinical symptoms start early as most are endobronchial with only a single reported parenchymal lesion to date (2). Here, we report a case of a large unresectable pulmonary epithelial – myoepithelial tumor occupying upper right hemithorax with broad base

DA is an infrequent and rare tumor. According to an English literature review carried out by Sun et al. (5) in 2009, 115 cases were reported. It is a tumor with specific clinical, radiographic, and histological features. It is characterized histologically by marked stromal desmoplasia.[8] The common age of presentation is from the third to the fifth decades, It is more commonly found in males than females[10] in our case the patient was a 26 year old female., in Demographically it is seen that the highest incidence of this tumor is in patients of the Japanese race.[10]

Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with approximately 14 million new cases in 2012.2 The amount of new cases is expected to rise by about 70% over the next 2 decades. Cancer which causes nearly 1 in 6 deaths, is the second leading cause of death globally, and was responsible for 8.8 million deaths in 2015. Approximately 70% of deaths from cancer occur in low- and middle-income countries. In 2012 about 14.1 million new cases of cancer occurred globally (not including skin cancer other than melanoma).3 The most common types of cancer in males are lung cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer and stomach cancer.

The first similarity is that just like malignant tumors, benign tumors can also be quite large. A common mistake patients often make is confuse benign tumors with malignant tumors because of the size. Although malignant tumors are usually larger than benign tumors, that alone does not make the difference. In fact, a benign tumors weighing over a hundred pounds have been removed. An example of a large benign tumor is a 32-year-old man from Vietnam who survived a 12-hour operation in which a massive 198-pound benign tumor from his right leg was removed at France-Vietnam Hospital (FV) on January 5, 2012.2 The second similarity is that both malignant and benign tumors recur locally, to be more specific, the location where the recurrence of the tumor most likely happens. To elaborate further, both benign and malignant tumors have the ability to reappear near or in the same area where the previous tumor was located. For instance, recurrent breast tumors are tumors that have come back in the same breast or chest wall after the treatment for a period of time when the tumor couldn't be detected.3 The third and final similarity is the danger both malignant and benign tumors pose to the health of the patient. Similar