Turner Syndrome Research Paper

I never heard of anyone having a sex chromosomal abnormality. Klinefelter syndrome is a rare condition in males that is caused by an extra X sex chromosome. Males with the XXY chromosome pattern do not develop secondary sex characteristics. Males with Klinefelter syndrome have weaker muscles and may develop breast tissue. They are also infertile because they do not produce sperm. Turner syndrome occurs in females and is caused by having only one X sex chromosome. Most females with Turner syndrome do not produce estrogen and progesterone. This causes poorly developed breasts, no onset of menstrual periods, and possible infertility. However, a woman with Turner syndrome can usually carry a baby to term if another woman donates an ovum and it is fertilized in a laboratory dish and implanted inside

Dear Patient, I'm sorry to inform you but your daughter has Achondroplasia, a growth condition your child has been born with. 1 out of 15,000 births in the United States experience this condition like your daughter ( National Institutes of Health. (n.d.). The reason this happen is actually unknown, the only way we can see this birth defect happiness is when either your husband's sperm or your egg was effected before she was born. ( Mayo Clinic Staff. (2016, April 03). the Symptoms are twisted elbows and feet, a abnormally long or short trunk, and the height under 4 feet 10 inches. ( Mayo Clinic Staff. (2016, April 03). The way we spotted this condition was when you had your ultrasound and found the fetus had shorten bones, we had a Amniocentesis test and it confirmed Achondroplasia. (March of Dimes. (April, 2013). Sadly Achondroplasia is not curable but to take some steps to improve your daughters health are hormone therapies to help increase bone growth or you can have surgery to add gaps in her bones to grow. (Mayo Clinic Staff. (2016, April 03). The best thing in my opinion as a professional is to treat her as a normal person and to help her in time of

and Gynecomastia (bitch tit) associated with the use of testosterone and androgens. It can be used in place of Nolvadex ,Clomid, etc. Bodybuilders

Turner Syndrome is a sex chromosome disease caused by complete or partial monosomy which effects on average 1 in 2500 females (Porth, 2005). Doctor Henry Turner, an endocrinologist, discovered Turner Syndrome in 1938 (Hayden, 2013). This disease is believed to be responsible for up to 10% of spontaneous miscarriages, and many Turner Syndrome pregnancies are electively aborted (Hayden, 2013). Turner Syndrome only affects females; however, this disease can affect all ethnicities. Patients who have Turner Syndrome typically exhibit various signs, including short stature, lymphedema, low hair-line, and webbed neck. Women with Turner Syndrome typically have a narrow maxilla and a high-arched palate, and they may also have a bite abnormality.

How they give testosterone is by injection or through a skin patch or gel. The treatment continues through the male's life but does not help with infertility. Speech therapy and educational help boys with learning and language disabilities. How can you as a parent help your son that has been diagnosed with klinefelter Syndrome? Recognize your feelings. It is normal that parents think that they did something wrong while in birth of their son but this Syndrome is just a genetic disorder. Educate yourself on the Syndrome because most of parents fear is the fear of not knowing how to treat it and where to go to get is diagnosed. The most common questions that are asked about Klinefelter Syndrome are, “What is Klinefelter Syndrome?”, “What complications can develop?” that question is an ongoing concern. Organizations to go to are Endocrine society and Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

With that being said, patients who had onset after childhood malignancy had a poor response to the treatments. The authors explained this could be due to the patients in this undergoing a bone marrow transplant or whole body radiation (Kim et al, 2016). These results suggest uterine development in women with hypogonadism to be dose-dependent because the total dose of estrogen was directly correlated with the final UXA (Kim et al, 2016). The purpose of this experiment was to somehow allow women with underdeveloped uteruses to obtain the ability to conceive and maintain a pregnancy. The conclusion of this study was that estrogen replacement therapy was able to induce uterine maturity in young patients and increased uterine size no matter the etiology of hypogonadism (Kim et al,

Hormonal Treatments: Such treatments may include GnRH-analogs, progestin contraceptives, and oral contraceptives to control the increased levels of estrogen amongst patients.

What is Turner syndrome? Turner syndrome is a chromosomal condition that affects the development in females. The X chromosome the cause of Turner syndrome. How is Turner syndrome diagnosed? Tuner affects the reproduction of females and can cause Osteoporosis.

In 1938, Dr. Henry Turner first described Turner Syndrome. Turner Syndrome a genetic disease that only affects girls, in fact, it is one of the most common sexual development disorders (Radtke et al. 2014). It is caused by an abnormal sex chromosome, either an abnormal X chromosome or a missing X chromosome. The sex chromosome contributed by the father to the child determines the sex of the child because the mother always contributes an X chromosome whereas the father can contribute either an X chromosome or a Y chromosome (Snustad 2012). Turner Syndrome is the result of an abnormal sex chromosome, so if the father’s sex chromosome is missing, then the child will only have a single X chromosome from the mother resulting in the child being

Turner syndrome is a chromosomal disorder that affects development in females. This condition is caused by a missing or incomplete X chromosome. In 1938, Henry Turner, an American endocrinologist, described seven women with short stature, lack of sexual development, neck webbing (extra skin on neck), low hairline, and cubitus valgus (arms that turn out at the elbow). Years earlier, Otto Ullrich, a German geneticist, independently described an 8-year-old girl with short stature, swelling of the hands and feet, neck webbing, and several other features now associated with Turner syndrome. In the 1940s, endocrine and pathology studies confirmed that the sexual immaturity seen in these patients was due to ovarian failure. In 1954, Paul Polani and his colleagues provided the first link between Turner syndrome and sex chromosome abnormality when they reported three patients with this condition who were sex chromatin negative. With the advances in chromosomal analysis, it was revealed that Turner syndrome was associated with the presence of a single X chromosome. Other names used to refer to this disorder include TS, monosomy X, and Ullrich-Turner syndrome.

Some girl’s appearances may have a surplus of physical features that may not appear to be normal. While some females may not have this issue. Turner’s syndrome can also affect the growth rate at an early stage. The known symptoms are as follows: receding jaws, short fingers, and toes, low ears, broad chest, lymphedema in the feet and hands, spaced out nipples, a low hairline in the back of one’s head, turned out arms at the elbow, and more commonly, a webbed-lick neck. There are also more life-threatening signs as a heart murmur or congenital heart defects that can develop over time. As well as, skeletal anomalism or scoliosis. Kidney issues, underactive thyroid gland, osteoporosis, and diabetes may also be in conjunction with Turners

Turner syndrome is a lifelong chronic disorder; most females diagnosed with Turners Syndrome go on to live long and healthy lives, while others are susceptible to numerous chronic conditions. Health maintenance involves close medical management care, which includes screening for commonly correlating chronic diseases. Early prevention, diagnosis and treatment are also essential.

People typically have two sex chromosomes in each cell: females having two X chromosomes, while males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. Turner syndrome results when one normal X chromosome is present in a female's cells and the other sex chromosome is missing or structurally altered. The missing genetic material affects development before and after birth. About half of individuals with Turner syndrome have monosomy X, which means each cell in the individual's body has only one copy of the X chromosome instead of the usual two sex chromosomes. Turner syndrome can also occur if one of the sex chromosomes is partially missing or rearranged rather than completely absent. Some women with Turner syndrome have a chromosomal change in only some of their cells, which is known as mosaicism. This type of Turner syndrome may result milder symptoms than other types of the disorder. In order to diagnose mosaic Turner syndrome, healthcare professionals may examine blood cells and/or skin

Every 1 in about 2,000 to 2,500 females born are afflicted. Turner syndrome is a non-inherited disease caused by abnormalities or lack of one of the X chromosomes. It can affect a female's height and reproductive system. First described in 1938 by Henry Turner, this disease has been known to plague women for years without a cure. Turner syndrome affects the way a female goes through puberty, her ability to have kids, and much more. The whole body is affected, but mainly the reproductive system, and there are two kinds that a female can have. Both have similar effects, but can they can differ in severity. These two types are classical Turner syndrome and Mosaic Turner syndrome.

During my research on Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome I found that patients feel that psychological support is one of the most important aspect of medical care not only for the patient but also for the parents. Parent will often need genetic counseling to better understand the condition and the risk of recurrence for future pregnancy. Children benefit from visits with a psychologist or psychiatrist to inform the child of the condition when the time is appropriate and also aiding the child in adjusting to the condition. Continued counseling should be provided as a support to the family.