Turner Syndrome Research Paper

The chromosomal abnormalities include turner's disease, laron dwarfism, noonan syndrome, sinotina wiley syndrome, russell xifushi, mutation / deletion of the short stature homeobox-containing gene, and skeletal dysplasia.

Turner syndrome results in a monosomie of chromosome X and is the only viable monosomie known. One in every 5,000 newborns can inherit this disease. The mental abilities are not affected, although they are usually sterile owing to underdeveloped sex

Most of the girls that have Turner Syndrome are way shorter than average girls. The girls often have their normal height up to three years old. After they are three the growth rate starts to slow down. Ovaries that are non-functioning are other symptoms of Turner Syndrome. A girl’s ovaries begin to produce sex hormones at puberty. This doesn’t happen with most girls who have Turner Syndrome. Most don’t start their periods or develop breast

XYY Syndrome is a genetic disease where a male has an extra Y chromosome. This could then lead to an increased risk of learning disabilities.(Genetics Home Reference). XYY Syndrome

Turner Syndrome is a sex chromosome disease caused by complete or partial monosomy which effects on average 1 in 2500 females (Porth, 2005). Doctor Henry Turner, an endocrinologist, discovered Turner Syndrome in 1938 (Hayden, 2013). This disease is believed to be responsible for up to 10% of spontaneous miscarriages, and many Turner Syndrome pregnancies are electively aborted (Hayden, 2013). Turner Syndrome only affects females; however, this disease can affect all ethnicities. Patients who have Turner Syndrome typically exhibit various signs, including short stature, lymphedema, low hair-line, and webbed neck. Women with Turner Syndrome typically have a narrow maxilla and a high-arched palate, and they may also have a bite abnormality.

What is Turner Syndrome? Turner Syndrome was named after Dr. Henry Turner who discovered it in 1938, but also referred to as Ullrich-Turner, Bonnevie-Ullrich-Turner, and Gonadal Dysgenesis. This syndrome occurs in 1 out of 200,000 females. Making it a rare syndrome that only 70,000 people in the whole world has. Turner syndrome is a lifelong condition. Most people live long and healthy lives, yet some are susceptible to numerous chronic conditions. Genes are passed on to a child from each parent, in structures called chromosomes. You have 23 pairs of chromosomes in each cell of your body. Each chromosome contains thousands of genes. Our genes determine how our body functions, what we look like and sometimes what diseases we will get. A female

Turner Syndrome is caused by a missing or incomplete X chromosome. People who have Turner Syndrome develop as females. Some of the genes on the X chromosome are involved in the growth of your height and sexual development, which is why girls with this disorder are shorter than normal and have incompletely developed sexual characteristics. Within this disorder there can be many symptoms, for example: swelling hands and feet, heart defeat, pregnancy chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis. There are also major causes contributing to this disorder including a stocky build, arms that turn out slightly at the elbow, receding low jaw, a short webbed neck and low hair line on the back of the neck. Also includes backtracked puberty, ovaries undeveloped properly and effects sexual development.

Turner syndrome is a chromosomal disorder that affects development in females. This condition is caused by a missing or incomplete X chromosome. In 1938, Henry Turner, an American endocrinologist, described seven women with short stature, lack of sexual development, neck webbing (extra skin on neck), low hairline, and cubitus valgus (arms that turn out at the elbow). Years earlier, Otto Ullrich, a German geneticist, independently described an 8-year-old girl with short stature, swelling of the hands and feet, neck webbing, and several other features now associated with Turner syndrome. In the 1940s, endocrine and pathology studies confirmed that the sexual immaturity seen in these patients was due to ovarian failure. In 1954, Paul Polani and his colleagues provided the first link between Turner syndrome and sex chromosome abnormality when they reported three patients with this condition who were sex chromatin negative. With the advances in chromosomal analysis, it was revealed that Turner syndrome was associated with the presence of a single X chromosome. Other names used to refer to this disorder include TS, monosomy X, and Ullrich-Turner syndrome.

Turner syndrome is a form of chromosomal condition that describes women and girls who have abnormal features, which are caused by either a partial or complete absence of the second sex, “X,” chromosome. Dr. Henry Turner was one of the first persons to describe these features in the 1938, and the syndrome is named after him. He observed and studied seven girls with similar “odd” features. “Turner Syndrome occurs in about one out of every two thousand females who are born, as well as in up to as many as ten-percent of all miscarriages.” This syndrome is considered to be a rare syndrome.

Turner syndrome is a lifelong chronic disorder; most females diagnosed with Turners Syndrome go on to live long and healthy lives, while others are susceptible to numerous chronic conditions. Health maintenance involves close medical management care, which includes screening for commonly correlating chronic diseases. Early prevention, diagnosis and treatment are also essential.

The XXY syndrome, most commonly known as Klinefelter syndrome (KS), only affects males of all ages. This syndrome occurs when there is a random genetic error after conception and is not curable, however treatment can help.All females have XX chromosome and all males have XY chromosomes. Unlike the normal XY type that all males have, males affected have an additional X chromosome which results into many symptoms such as impaired spermatogenesis, low testosterone, and male hypogonadism. Since Klinefelter syndrome is related to the sex chromosomes of males, it is a sex link trait.

Turner Syndrome is only found in females. This syndrome is caused by the absence of an X chromosome or the nondisjunction of the X chromosome. This is a chromosomal disorder meaning “an abnormal condition due to something unusual in an individual's chromosomes.” Turner Syndrome is due to a chromosome mutation rather than a gene mutation. The missing X chromosome affects the development of the female. Usually Turner Syndrome is not inherited from the parent and “occurs as a random event during the formation of reproductive cells in the affected person's parent.” Sometimes the egg loses a sex chromosome as a result to nondisjunction and in this case resulting in Turner Syndrome. As you can tell you cannot necessarily predict if your child is going to have Turner Syndrome because it is random. Fortunately, it is rare that Turner Syndrome is passed from one generation to the next generation.

The XYY Syndrome is a rare chromosomal disease that affects males by having two Y chromosomes instead of one. Those affected are usually taller, have learning disabilities, excess acne problems (during adolescence), and behavior problems. Although they do have learning disabilities, their IQs are mostly normal, although slightly

The list of symptoms includes, “Mildly unusual physical features, such as tall stature, a small head and a vertical fold of skin that comes down across the inner angle of the eye, developmental issues such as delayed language skills and delayed motor skills, which can result in poor coordination, awkwardness, and clumsiness, behavioral and emotional difficulties, seizures, kidney problems,” (Nordqvist,What is Triple-X Syndrome?) Most girls affected with the syndrome have normal sexual development are able to conceive children. Though most girls have normal sexual development, reproductive problems can arise, some of which are menstrual irregularities, early menstruation, and periodically,

The results indicate that their baby is a female with Turner Syndrome. This condition is caused by a missing X chromosome and results in short stature, ovarian failure, and medical problems involving the heart, thyroid glands, and kidneys. Some of these conditions can be treated and managed with great success. The question that arises after diagnoses