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Two Faces Of Liberalism Summary

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Chapters 1 & 2 Review: Two Faces of Liberalism
John Gray argues in, “Two Faces of Liberalism” first that the idea of liberal toleration is an attempt to reach modus vivendi, which is defined as a state of peaceful coexistence between groups who hold competing values. He then states his belief that liberal toleration has two faces. One that seeks to make liberal toleration into a universal value claiming it is rationally the best way to live. The other face is one that views liberal toleration as a belief that, “human beings can flourish in many ways of life,” (Gray 1). Following stating his belief that liberalism’s survival is rooted in the second premise, he briefly mentions his views on value-pluralism, which he goes into much more depth …show more content…

He does this by talking about the idea of incommensurable values even more, beating this point to a pulp, although he does forewarn the reader that he is going to do this. As stated previously, this is the idea that some values simply cannot be compared, and that this makes it impossible to make a claim on a rational consensus on a single best way of life. A great example of this that is used by the author is when he compares friendship to justice, stating that, while most can agree these values exist, one cannot make a value judgement on which is better or worse than the other because they are just different. They simply cannot be compared because they do not have enough in common. One can value friendship and another can value justice, but it is impossible to say without a doubt, which is better, not only because they are inherently different ideas, but because what is thought of as good is also not agreed upon. Furthermore, he claims that not all values are incommensurable, and that some values may be commensurable in some situations and not others. Overall, this chapter was hard to grasp, as the author’s style was very repetitive, making it so that one almost had to read everything two or three times to grasp what it was that he was

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