Two Factors That Affected My Spirogram Results

 Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) does not include tidal volume. Expiratory reserve volume is the amount of air that can be expelled after a normal tidal exhalation. This means that tidal volume is not included in the ERV measurement.

A normal respiratory rate is between 12 & 20 breaths per minute, this can be recorded manually by using a clock. If you respiratory rate drops below the normal measurements

1. During exercise: TV will increase. 2. During exercise: IRV will decrease. 3. During exercise: ERV will increase. 4. During exercise: VC will not change. 5. During exercise: TLC will not change.

Oxygen is drawn into the lungs by a process called inhalation, (breathing in), which occurs when the diaphragm and intercostal muscles are contracted which causes the lungs to expand, giving a larger volume and therefore causing a lower pressure differential between the lungs, alveolar pressure, and the outside atmosphere. This inverse relationship between volume and pressure is called Boyle’s law. (Tortora & Derrickson, 2011)

The incentive spirometer is a medical plastic device that allows you when taking deep breath and exhaling, it expands your lungs. It consists of a mouthpiece, a flexible tubing, a piston, a breathing coach indicator, a yellow indicator and a barrel. It uses to assist patient after surgery or any person who want to improve their lungs function especially patient or any person who is restricted to be in bed for many days. It fortifies and exercises lungs and keeps them pure and dynamic. It helps with lung expansion after taking steady deep

The presence of fluid in the alveolar space could potentially cause the lung capacity to be effected as well.

Patients had to measure their IC by using an incentive spirometer to measure static lung values. They performed this test for 20 minutes after inhaling 400 mg of salbutamol via a nebulizer. The patients were asked to use the FVC spirometer and told to take a deep breath and then to let the breath out passively. They were then asked to do the same maneuver 2 more times, but the closeness made the study choose the first attempt.

Spirometry is the most popular lung function test. The patient performs a maximal inhalation and then forcefully exhales as quickly and as long as they are able. The spirometer measures the volume of the air exhaled by patients. These measurements are taken at two intervals. The first measurement is the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), records the volume of air exhaled after one second. The second measurement is taken at the point where the patient has fully exhaled the volume of inhaled air; this measurement is the forced vital capacity (FVC) (Harpreet Ranu et al.,

Total lung capacity :Is the sum of the maximum volume to which the lungs can be expanded with the greatest possible inspiratory force. approx. 5800 ml

Lung capacity is the volume of the most air you can exhale after fully breathing in. Based on that I will experiment with two kind of subjects in order to measure their lung capacity and get conclusions about the

We conduct the Spirometry Calibration which is a form of quality assurance in our daily routine by using a vital capacity maneuver procedure of regular intervals, for insuring the reduction of inaccurate readings while performing that it will elevate false test results.

Monitoring of intake and output in order to identify and evaluating the negative balance that is more output than input as evidence of pulmonary crackles, distended bilateral jugular vein and decrease breath sound

Residual volume, about 1,200 ml is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after the expiratory reserve volume has been exhaled.

I do. I also know that I do not have diabetes because I know my

Translated into physiological values: Total lung capacity (TLC) decreases; Vital capacity of the lung(VC) decreases ; Functional Residual capacity(FRC) decreases if caused by parenchymal lung disease the gas exchange mechanism decreases as well.