Two Farmers Market Research Analysis

Diabetes has recently become a focal point of health care systems around the world due to its high prevalence and the severity of secondary complications caused by the disease. Over the course of my project on diabetes, I have had the opportunity to speak with a group of diabetics to understand from a patient’s perspective how diabetes is managed in a rural community. While I found that while some patients ignored treatment and refused to make any dietary changes, the majority of the patients I interviewed were well-informed and actively managing diabetes in their everyday life.

The health disparities among the Blacks/African American is on the rise which is of being mostly affected by diabetes the United States and Maryland. Diabetes and cardiovascular diseases are connected which can lead to increase mortality among this population. In that matter, the Health Empowerment African Americans Diabetes Program proposal includes my creating awareness which will offer diabetes education as connected to other commodities and self-management and counseling. This will be done through outreach programs in the community in health classes and health fairs through health screening, blood glucose screening, A1C, exercise activities, body mass index (BMI), weight, monitoring of individual self-monitor log, and

The rate of diabetes in the United States is one of the highest compared to other developed countries. An estimate of 9.3% of the population have diabetes, of those with diabetes 27.8% have yet to be diagnosed (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2014). This means that approximately 8.1 million people are currently living with diabetes, but are unaware of it. As of 2012, 12.3% of people with diabetes were 20 years old or older, the largest population diagnosed with diabetes were adults 65 years old or older. 25.9% of this population lives with diabetes (CDC, 2014). On a national level, the CDC have launched initiatives that focus on prevention and disease management. The National Diabetes Prevention Program is an example of one such initiative. This program focuses on lifestyle changes,

According to Healthy People 2020 (2014), diabetes affects over 29 million people in the United States, with another estimated 28 percent of the population having undiagnosed cases. Of those at risk, African Americans are almost 2 times more likely to be diagnosed as opposed to their Caucasian counterparts. Many preventable associated factors include limited knowledge regarding disease processes, healthy diet, and limited knowledge of one’s own body. Our goal is to provide our African American community the opportunity to learn more about diabetes and how to reduce the risk of type II diabetes and signs and symptoms of diabetes during a community event.

The specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time based (SMART) goal that I have decided to undertake is to start implementing healthier health behaviors by losing 20 over a 5-week time period. I chose this SMART goal based of my evidence based change project targeting African Americans between the ages of 18-60 with prediabetes, will the implementation of a culturally sensitive diabetes education program increase healthy lifestyle behaviors? According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2016) individuals who are overweight or suffer from morbid obesity have added pressure on their body's ability to use insulin to properly control blood sugar levels, and are therefore, is more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. According to De Souto Barreto (2015) the use of SMART goal

JB was terrified during the interview because she also had a history of gestation diabetes with her last son and was not eating as nutritionous as she wanted to and did not exercise regularly despite having available resources. This author can understand her fear for developing diabetes as the literature indicates that it is the sixth leading cause of death and is cited as a global epidemic (Castro et al. 2008). The author also understand her risk for developing type 2 diabetes, like many of her maternal relatives, because it is closely linked to obesity and sedentary lifestyle which are factors the patient has at this time (Shulze & Hu 2005). This author will not just solely focus on her risk factors but on promoting her prevention of diabetes and well being in the future through the development of a

During 3 months, participants who took the Nutrisystem diet lost significantly more than those in a diabetes support and education group (7.1% vs

Approximately 24 million people are affected by diabetes in the United States (Pellico). This paper will briefly explain the nutritional guidelines for a person with diabetes mellitus type II. The treatment for this particular disease heavily relies on adequate nutrition, exercise and in some instances oral medications for extra glucose control (Evert & Boucher, 2014). Current research has revealed there is not one definite eating plan that works for all diabetic patients, but there are several specific nutrition therapy recommendations. Diabetes mellitus type II is more often found in patients that are overweight or obese, therefore a diet plan and exercise goals are aimed at losing weight. It is highly recommended for all diabetic patients’ to participate in regular physical activity. Aerobic exercise performed at least 30 minutes per day, along with resistance training exercises, such as lifting weights, three times per week is encouraged (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2013). Additionally, it is recommended to reduce energy intake (calories) while consuming a healthy diet (Evert & Boucher, 2014, Evidence Level: A). The goal is to decrease the body mass index (BMI) to a normal level of 18.5-24.9 (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2013). While exercise is important, persons with type II diabetes should be educated on the important role nutritional therapy plays in the treatment of diabetes.

My Health Promotion Project topic will address the strategic plan put forth by the National Diabetes Education Program (NDEP). Since its inception in 1997, NDEP has been working hard to achieve its mission to "improve the treatment and outcomes for people with diabetes, promote early diagnosis, and prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes (NDEP Strategic Plan for 2017). The work being done through the NDEP and its partners align with Healthy People 2020 objectives. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 29.1 million American or just over 9% of the Unites States (US) population have diabetes. Hispanics, African American and Native Americans have the highest rates of diabetes (CDC, 2014). This data is significant

Patients diagnosed with diabetes and associated comorbidities often feel overwhelmed in accomplishing the daily self-care task required to control their diabetes. When these care task include the added burden of family, work, comorbidities, and limited income, the sense of being overwhelmed becomes magnified. Mrs. J.M a 43 year old Hispanic woman, diagnosed with type two diabetes 10 years past while pregnant with her last child, faces the potential need for insulin to be added to her care regimen. Pertinent details for consideration in planning diabetes educations/goal include: married, 3 children still living in the home, spouse is unemployed and patients’ mother lives in the home. Strong daily influence from Hispanic traditions, fairly sedentary

One of the prospects of research on high-risk population is the ability to recognize the disease and its outcomes, is to identify and implement of evidence-based intervention that will reverse or slow the progress of the negative outcomes of the disease (Ricci-Cabello, et al. 2013). Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a progressive and protracted disease related with substantial morbidity and mortality. African Americans (AA) adults have the highest occurrence of T2DM due to factors such as obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and high consumptions of sugar that predisposed them at risk for prediabetes. AA adults with T2DM are predisposed to experience greater debility from diabetes-related consequences that arise when their blood glucose levels are not under control than other ethnic groups. Such complications include neuropathy, retinopathy, end-stage renal diseases, peripheral vascular disease, limb amputation, and death (Gregg, et al., 2014; Farooq, Birada, & Iti, 2015). Therefore, healthcare providers need to integrate social, economic, family, emotional, and behavioral responses of patients into comprehensive diabetes care planning as the patient struggle to assimilate diabetes, risk factors, and management into their lives (Shrivastava, 2013). Therefore, the purpose of this project is to identify evidence-based interventions for AA at risk for T2DM, identify outcome measures to utilize in the evaluation phase of the project, and discuss the implications for the advance

Currently in Iowa there are approximately 300,385 adults who are diagnosed with diabetes, while 75,000 individuals do not know that they have the disease, and an additional 810,000 adults have prediabetes (Burden of Diabetes, n.d., para. 2-4). However, in our rural community there are limited services available that provide preventative disease management and support. With the changes in reimbursement in health care it is imperative that we become innovative in our approach to caring for these individuals in a proactive manner. The current goals of health care is to provide quality care at the lowest cost possible (Milstein & Darling, 2010). The cost of providing a Diabetes Prevention Program to the individual is $450 per year, while

A study called the Reaching Out to Prevent Increases in Diabetes (RAPID) was done by Ackermann, Liss, Finch, Schmidt, Hays, Marrero, and Saha of which the purpose was to EVALUATE how effective the YMCA model affected weight loss in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP). The sample population included 508 people over the age of 18 years old with a BMI of 24 or above, low income, nondiabetic. The design of this study was a 2-arm randomized effectiveness trial. In the first group, 257 people were given free memberships to the YMCA and were encouraged to participate in a DPP lifestyle intervention while the second group of 252 people was given short counseling sessions in which information was given about ways to modify their lifestyle through resources in the community. The method of measuring outcomes for this study was through the 2-stage generalized least squares instrumental variables approach. Ackermann et al. utilized a dichotomous indicator to determine how often participants attended YDPP, using 9 lessons as the definition of a legitimate attendance rate for this study (Ackermann et al., 2015).

Uncontrolled diabetes in the middle aged adult can lead to chronic health problems such as: kidney failure, increased risk of infection, loss of vision and neuropathy. Specifically, adult’s ages 45-55 years old with type II diabetes can have an increase in stress, body mass index (BMI) and glycemic levels. As a result of decreased physical activity and making poor diet choices, middle aged American adults are at high risk for developing further chronic health conditions and diseases due to uncontrolled glycemic levels and poor lifestyle choices. Lifestyle changes that include diet modifications such as a low carbohydrate diet and daily exercise can assist in regulating blood glucose levels, decreasing risk of infection or other chronic health conditions and promote a happier and healthier life.

A literature review conducted by Guccuardi et al. (2013) found that all 13 randomized control trials and comparative studies have affirmative rate differences in culturally based diabetes self-management education when compared to general diabetes education. Lorig et al. (2008) conducted a randomized, controlled trial of the community-based, peer led Spanish Diabetes Self-Management Program (SDSMP) to determine its effectiveness in improving health status, health behaviors, and self-efficacy and maintaining improvements on receiving automated telephone reinforcement. For the study, 533 Spanish-speaking adults with T2DM were provided a 6-week community-based, peer-led SDSMP and participants were randomized into 3 groups – 116 to the SDSMP