Two Key Elements Of The Modernization Theory Of Development

Theories of development and frameworks to support development are massively important to those working with children. They help us to comprehend children and understand how they react to different situations which affect their behaviour and in turn the way they learn. Theories and ways of working with children have merged to provide frameworks for children’s care, for example the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS). This tries to ensure everyone works together, along the same lines. Some of the theorists and their theories have had a huge influence on current practice.

Change is an inalienable piece of society. Social orders are always showing signs of change to adjust themselves to the contemporary lifestyle. Social researchers generally utilize the term modernization to allude to the procedure through which

This essay attempts to compare and to contrast the theories of Walt Rostow's stages of social and economic development and Wallerstein's world system theory. The Rostow's five-stage model of economic growth and core-periphery concept of Wallerstein’s three-part world system theory are both used to identify a country's development. Although they have similarities, there are differences between the two models. Rostow's five-stage model emphasizes on the development process of countries. On the other hand, Wallerstein's three- part world theory focuses more on the characteristics of the three parts of the world.

There are many different theories of development that help us to understand children’s behaviour, reactions and ways of learning. All equally important as they influence practice. To begin with there is Piaget’s constructivist theories which look at the way in which children seem to be able to make sense of their world as a result of their experiences and how they are active learners. He also suggested that as children develop so does their thinking. Piaget’s work has influenced early years settings into providing more hands on and relevant tasks for children and young people. In other words the children are ‘learning through play’. Teachers are working out the needs of children and plan activities accordingly.

Group B – saw the adult behaving aggressively towards the doll and then rewarded by sweets from another adult.

Over time some societies become more modern than others creating an unequal balance among other states globally. It is the thought that the modernization theory in some societies, are left behind because of advances in technology and within the economy also (Macionis and Plummer, 2012:p 306). Rostow (1990: p12) suggested that the modernization theory is created by an outside government or corporation to introduce new technologies and build industries to make money. As the four phases of modernization are explained above, it is simple to understand how these societies built upon modernization can create global inequalities and unequal balance within an underdeveloped society. However,

In the final stage, we have the post-industrial society. In this society, service is the primary occupation, rather than agriculture or industry. Improved transportation and especially communication helped to develop the post-industrial society, but so did advancements in industrial and agricultural production that allows most people to leave those fields (Boundless.com,

Capitalism was the next phase. It is an industrialized system that appeared and was developed in the 18th century after industrial

Rostow identifies five stages of economic development. The traditional society is characterized by the dominance of agriculture, which is largely at the subsistence level, and the non-realization of potential resources. In the second stage, economic growth begins to speed up. There is an expansion of trade, perhaps an increase in external influences, and an introduction of modern methods of production, which are used along the more traditional techniques. The take off stage occurs when old traditions are finally overcome, and modern industrialized society is born. Investment rates rise from five percent of national income to ten percent, one or more major manufacturers emerge, political and social institutions are

Direct criticism to the modernization theory created the idea of the dependency theory. Scholars from Latin America theorized about what was the cause of their dependency and underdevelopment. The theory stated “the present underdevelopment of Latin America is the result of its centuries-long participation in the process of world capitalist development” (Frank 7). In ordinary terms, the drive to compete in the global economy deepened the hole of underdevelopment. The capitalistic pull of resources from underdevelopment countries to the development country perpetuated the conditions of

The two theories which shall be compared are the modernisation theory and Neo Liberalism. The modernisation theory is a market oriented development theory which states that low income countries can develop economically if they give up their traditional ways which often can be dated back centuries and take on more modern economic principles, technologies and cultural values which comprise of an emphasis on productive investment and savings.

Modernization theory is a hypothesis used to clarify the procedure of modernization that a country experiences as it moves from a simple society to a modern one. Dependency theory is the idea that assets spill out of a fringe of poor and immature states to a centre of rich states, enhancing the latter to the detriment of the former. These two theories contrast in that modernization theory clarifies how created states work and develop, whereas dependency theory outline how work and develop are restricted. Modernization theory clarifies the advancement and improvement of innovation in more steady regions of the world (Culp, 2014). Dependency theory looks at the impacts that modernization in one district has on different parts of the world. Dependency theory is more comprehensive than modernization theory. Modernization theory emphasises that instruction, innovation and broad communications are noteworthy reasons why created districts pull ahead from others. Be that as it may, modernization theory does not operate on a worldwide scale where the assets, work and power originate to make this advancement conceivable. In modernization theory, the majority of the advancements that local areas or states make originate from an aggregate interior exertion.

Development is defined as “the process of change operating over time- the process by which countries and societies advance and become richer’’. The modern 20th century defines development as” the process of change which allows all the basic needs of a region to be met, thereby achieving greater social justice and quality of life and encouraging people to fulfill their potential’’. Todaro defines development as “the process of improving the quality of all human lives through raising people’s living standards, their incomes, consumption levels of food, medical services, education, raising people’s self-esteem through the establishment of social, political and economic systems and institutions that promote dignity and respect and increasing people’s

The developmental state gives priority to economic growth rather than political reform. It is of strong ambition to develop economy;

He pointed out that different economic levels have their own requirements and they may not follow the same process of industrialization. Moreover, he raised the most influential theory related to late industrialization that the economically backward states may have rapider growth rate as they are late comers, and the national development process relied on the degree of economic backwardness. That is to say the more backward a country, the faster it will advance (ibid).